土壤溶解性有机质的组分分离与表征技术研究进展

The Technology of Isolation and Characterization for Dissolved Organic Matter in Soil

溶解性有机质(DOM)生物/化学活性强,参与元素的地球化学循环和污染物的迁移/转化。DOM性质不同,在土壤中的环境效应就不同,认识其理化性质是理解DOM在土壤中环境行为和赋存动态的关键。然而,土壤DOM组分复杂,对DOM组分预分离和表征技术的正确选择是真实了解DOM的重要前提。本文介绍了溶解度分离法、膜分离法、吸附分离法、凝胶色谱法在土壤DOM组分分离应用的优缺点,综述了元素分析、光谱、质谱、电化学、显微镜等多种技术在DOM极性特征、氧化还原电位、微观形貌、官能团组成、化学结构、物质组成等方面的表征应用,并展望了整合/联用现有技术,大力发展新技术和原位表征技术,利用计量化学和数学建模深度解读表征信息是增强对土壤DOM认识的重要发展方向。

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)as the important natural ligand and sorption carrier have key effects in geochemical circulation and migration-transformation of pollutants with high activity,which determined by physicochemical properties and material components of DOM.Thus,the appropriately isolation and characterization of DOM are the basis of sorting out the relationship between DOM properties and ecological environment effects.In this study,the technologies of fraction of DOM,such as solubility separation,membrane separation,sorptive separation,gel chromatography are compared between advantages and disadvantages.Moreover,the characterization technique of DOM polarity,redox potential,micromorphology,functional group,chemical constitution,substance composition,are summarized,which contained elemental analysis,spectrum mass spectrometry,electrochemistry and microscopy.Owing to the complexity of DOM component and sources in soil,it is trend to integrate the technologies of extraction and characterization,and developed a variety of new methods in in-situ characterization,coupling technique and modeling,which will give an better understand in soil DOM.This paper is expected to give a reference for the selection of isolation and characterization technology in research of soil DOM.