起爆剂和复合微生物菌剂对园林废弃物堆肥效果的影响

Effects of Starter and Compound Microbial Agent on Garden Wastes Compost

为了提高园林废弃物堆肥效果,本研究以园林废弃物为材料,设置CK(园林废弃物+羊粪)、T_(1)(园林废弃物+羊粪+起爆剂)、T_(2)(园林废弃物+羊粪+复合微生物菌剂)和T_(3)(园林废弃物+羊粪+起爆剂+复合微生物菌剂)4个处理,通过测定堆体温度、pH值、EC值、C/N、微生物特性及发芽率等指标,研究添加起爆剂和复合微生物菌剂对园林废弃物堆肥效果的影响。结果表明,添加起爆剂和复合微生物菌剂在堆体升温速率、最高温度、高温天数、C/N、微生物多样性及对莜麦菜种子发芽和植株生长方面具有明显优势。其中,以T_(3)处理效果最佳,堆体最高温达到64.5℃,升温用时6 d,高温天数为15 d(T≥55℃);pH和EC值分别为8.37和3.33 mS/cm;C/N在第20天时达到腐熟标准(<20)。与CK相比,T_(3)堆肥产品真菌数量降低44.72%,细菌、放线菌、微生物总量、“细菌/真菌”“放线菌/真菌”、平均颜色变化率(AWCD)及香浓指数(Shannon index)分别提高36.35%、25.00%、20.48%、146.64%、126.11%、31.03%和16.29%;T_(3)处理的莜麦菜发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数分别提高14.81%、34.4%和29.91%,植株株高、茎粗及干重分别增加18.98%、26.47%和26.54%。

In order to improve the effects of garden wastes compost,four treatments included CK(garden wastes+sheep manure),T_(1)(garden wastes+sheep manure+starter),T_(2)(garden wastes+sheep manure+compound microbial agent)and T_(3)(garden wastes+sheep manure+starter+compound microbial agent)were set up in this research.The effects of adding starter and compound microbial agent on the garden wastes compost were studied by testing the temperature,pH value,EC value,C/N and microbial characteristics of compost.The results showed that the addition of starter and compound microbial agent to garden wastes compost had obvious advantages in heating rate,maximum temperature,high temperature days,C/N,microbial diversity,seed germination and plant growth of lettuce.Among them,the best effect was T_(3) treatment which the highest compost temperature reached 64.5℃,the heating time was only 6 days and the days of high temperature was 15 days(T>55℃).The pH and EC values of T_(3) were 8.37 and 3.33mS/cm,respectively,and the C/N reached the maturity standard(<20)on the 20th day.Compared with CK,the number of fungi in T_(3) compost products decreased by 44.72%and the number of bacteria,actinomycetes,total microorganisms,‘bacteria/fungi’‘actinomycetes/fungi’,AWCD and Shannon index were increased by 36.35%,25.48%,146.64%,126.11%,31.03%and 16.29%,respectively.The lettuce seed germination rate,germination potential and germination index of T_(3) product increased by 14.81%,34.4%and 29.91%respectively compared with CK,and the plant height,stem diameter and dry weight increased by 18.98%,26.47%and 26.54%,respectively.