佳木斯市7~18岁汉族学生视力不良现况及增长速度趋势

Analysis of the current status and increase rate trend of poor eyesight among Han ethnic group students aged 7-18 in Jiamusi City

目的本文旨在了解佳木斯市学生视力不良现况及增长速度随年龄的变化趋势,为视力不良防控提供依据。方法收集2019年佳木斯市学生体质与健康调研资料,选取7~18岁性别、年龄、城乡及视力不良等指标资料完整的学生作为研究对象,共纳入37544人,其中男生19177人,女生18367人。采用曲线拟合的方法获得视力不良增长速度模型,分析视力不良增速在城乡男女间的差异与特点。结果(1)佳木斯市7~18岁汉族学生视力不良检出率为71.89%;女生整体和重度视力不良检出率高于男生,城市学生整体和各程度视力不良检出率高于乡村学生;随着年龄的增加,整体及重度视力不良检出率呈上升趋势,而轻度视力不良呈下降趋势。(2)城市男生在12岁前视力不良增长速度大于乡村男生,12岁时出现交叉,交叉后呈相反趋势。城市女生10岁前视力不良增长速度大于乡村女生,10岁时出现交叉,交叉后呈相反趋势。(3)城市女生在13岁前视力不良检出率及增长速度均大于城市男生,13岁后呈相反趋势。乡村女生在14岁前视力不良检出率及增长速度均大于乡村男生,14岁后呈相反趋势。结论佳木斯城乡男女生视力不良增长速度峰值年龄前移趋势得到了控制,视力不良增长速度在青春期存在交叉现象。

Objective To understand the current status and trend of the increasing rate of poor eyesight with age among students in Jiamusi City,so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of poor eyesight.Methods Data were collected from the investigation of students’physical constitution and health status in Jiamusi City in 2019.Students aged 7 to 18 with complete information of gender,age,urban/rural areas,and poor eyesight were selected as subjects.A total of 37544 students were selected,including 19177 boys and 18367 girls.Curve fitting was adopted to construct the increase rate model of poor eyesight,so as to analyze the differences and characteristics in the increase rate of poor eyesight between male and female students in urban and rural areas.Results(1)The poor eyesight rate of Han ethnic group students aged 7 to 18 in Jiamusi was 71.89%.Female students had higher overall and severe poor eyesight rates than those of male ones,and urban students had higher overall and all degrees of poor eyesight rates than those of rural ones.The overall and severe poor eyesight rates tended to increase with age,while mild poor eyesight rate tended to decrease.(2)Urban boys had a greater increasing rate than that of rural boys before age 12,which crossed over at age 12 and then showed an opposite trend.Urban girls had a higher increasing rate than that of rural ones before age 10,which crossed over at age 10 and then showed an opposite trend.(3)Urban girls had higher increasing rate of poor eyesight than that of urban boys before age 13,with an opposite trend after age 13.Rural girls had higher increasing rate of poor eyesight than that of rural boys before age 14,with an opposite trend after age 14.Conclusions There is an effective control for the trend of forward shift of the peak age of the increasing rate of poor eyesight in urban and rural boys and girls in Jiamusi City,and the increasing rate of poor eyesight crosses in adolescence.