基于辣椒产量、磷素累积及土壤磷环境风险的磷肥用量研究

Study on the amount of phosphorus fertilizer based on pepper yield,phosphorus accumulation and soil phosphorus environmental risk

针对西南地区辣椒生产中磷素吸收分配及土壤磷素累积特征不明的问题,通过田间试验明确辣椒不同时期各器官的磷素累积、分配及土壤磷累积动态过程,阐明基于辣椒产量、磷素吸收和土壤磷环境风险的最佳磷肥用量。试验于2018年以当地主栽品种开展田间试验,通过设置5个施磷水平(P 0、33、65、131、393 kg/hm^(2)),测定辣椒各器官干重、磷含量、磷累积量及土壤磷累积量、土壤有效磷浓度、土壤水溶性磷浓度等指标。结果表明,随施磷量的增加:初花期和收获期辣椒茎、叶、果的干重均显著增加,施磷使初花期茎、叶干重增幅分别为50.0%~150%、50.0%~175%,施磷使收获期茎、叶、果干重增幅分别为39.7%~122%、66.7%~143%、15.2%~51.0%;磷累积量均显著增加,施磷使初花期茎、叶磷累积量增幅分别为63.6%~200%、40.9%~177%,施磷使收获期茎、叶、果磷累积量增幅分别为50.0%~230%、62.5%~194%、15.0%~47.7%;初花期辣椒茎、叶磷含量及收获期果磷含量无显著增加的趋势;施磷使土壤有效磷浓度、土壤水溶性磷浓度均显著增加,增幅分别为17.7%~324%、26.8%~181%;土壤有效磷浓度与土壤水溶性磷浓度的临界值为22.9 mg/kg。综合考量辣椒产量、磷素吸收和环境风险,本研究中适宜的施磷量为P 65 kg/hm^(2),因此在辣椒的实际生产中,合理的磷肥施用对实现在磷淋溶临界值内的环境友好生产以及较高挖掘农学生产潜力方面具有重要意义。

In view of the unclear characteristics of phosphorus absorption,distribution and soil phosphorus accumulation in pepper production in Southwest China,the dynamic process of phosphorus accumulation,distribution and soil phosphorus accumulation in different organs of pepper in different periods was clarified through field experiments,and the optimal phosphorus fertilizer application amount based on pepper yield,phosphorus absorption and environmental risk was clarified.The experiment was carried out in 2018 with local varieties of pepper.Five phosphorus application levels(P 0,33,65,131,393 kg/hm^(2))were set up,the dry weight,phosphorus concentration,phosphorus accumulation of pepper organs,soil phosphorus accumulation,soil available phosphorus concentration,soil water-soluble phosphorus concentration and other indicators were determined.The results showed that with the increase of phosphorus application amount,the dry weight of stem,leaves and fruits increased significantly at the flowering stage and harvest stage,with the increase of 50.0%~150%and 50.0%~175%at the flowering stage and 39.7%~122%,66.7%~143%and 15.2%~51.0%at the harvest stage,respectively;the phosphorus accumulation increased significantly.In portrcular,phosphorus application increased the phosphorus accumulation in stem and leaves at the early flowering stage by 63.6%~200%and 40.9%~177%,respectively,and phosphorus fertilization increased the accumulation of phosphorus in stem,leaves and fruits at harvest time by 50.0%~230%,62.5%~194%and 15.0%~47.7%,respectively.There was no significant increase in the concentration of phosphorus in stem,leaves and fruits at flowering stage and harvest stage;phosphorus application increased the concentration of soil available phosphorus and soil water-soluble phosphorus by 17.7%~324%and 26.8%~181%,respectively.The critical value of available phosphorus concentration and soil water-soluble phosphorus concentration was 22.9 mg/kg.Considering the yield,phosphorus absorption and environmental risk of pepper,the appropriate phosphorus application rate in this study is P 65 kg/hm^(2).Therefore,in the actual production of pepper,reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer is of great significance to achieve environmentally friendly production within the critical value of phosphorus leaching,and at the same time,it can tap the potential of agricultural production.