劳动者个人信息权益保护的法律困境与对策

Legal Dilemma and Countermeasures for Protection of Employees’ Personal Information Rights and Interests

劳动者个人信息权益保护问题的根源在于用人单位管理权与劳动者个人信息权益的冲突,信息技术的发展加剧了此种冲突,如何妥善平衡二者关系成为新时代构建和谐劳动关系的关键。劳动关系的特殊性使得纯粹私法规范和一般性的个人信息保护立法无法有效平衡二者之间的关系。劳动者个人信息权益保护面临价值定位过低、具体规则缺失、救济渠道不畅通等多重问题,欧盟的相关规则可资借鉴。劳动法及劳动合同法应当提升劳动者个人信息权益保护的价值定位,将劳动者个人信息权益保护纳入劳动基准法,宣示保护劳动者的人格权益。法院应当在审判过程中构建合法、必要、正当、透明原则的审查机制。另外,还应当强化劳动行政部门的检查监督及指导咨询职责。

The root cause of the protection of employees’ information rights and interests lies in the conflict between the management rights of employers and employees’ information rights and interests.The development of technology has exacerbated this conflict.How to properly balance the relationship between the two has become the key to building a harmonious labor relationship in the new era.The particularity of labor relations makes it impossible to effectively balance the relationship through purely private law norms and general personal information protection legislation.The protection of employees’ information rights and interests faces multiple problems,such as low value positioning,lack of specific rules,and poor relief channels.The relevant EU laws can be used for reference.The labor law and the labor contract law should enhance the value orientation of the protection of employees’ information rights and interests,incorporate the protection of employees’ information rights and interests into the Labor Stamdards Law,and declare the protection of employees’ personal rights and interests.The court should establish a review mechanism based on the principles of legality,necessity,legitimacy and transparency in the trial process.In addition,the inspection,supervision and guidance and consulting responsibilities of the labor administrative department should also be strengthened.