中国一般人群及医务工作者的新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿及影响因素研究

Willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccination and its influencing factors among general population and medical staff in China

目的了解中国一般人群和医务工作者在新冠肺炎疫苗上市前的接种意愿及其影响因素。方法2020年6月18—30日,在中国东、中、西部三个城市,随机选择当地居民和医务工作者,通过电话调查和网络问卷的方式研究新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿,并采用多因素logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果共有1874名一般人群和627名医务工作者参加本研究。一般人群和医务工作者的新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿分别为82.9%和95.9%,监护者和看护人对小孩和老人的疫苗接种意愿分别为83.0%和77.8%。疫苗的有效性和接种意愿呈正相关。多因素logistic回归结果显示,相较于兰州,居住在上海(OR=0.314,95%CI:0.209~0.464)或武汉(OR=0.547,95%CI:0.354~0.836)的一般人群新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿更低,而有流感疫苗接种史(OR=2.784,95%CI:1.254~6.279)的医务工作者更愿意接种新冠肺炎疫苗;对于新冠肺炎的风险认知更高的一般人群及医务工作者新冠肺炎疫苗接种意愿更高(OR_(一般人群)=2.046,95%CI:1.685~2.495;OR_(医务工作者)=1.843,95%CI:1.081~3.082)。不愿意接种的主要原因为担心疫苗的安全性和有效性。结论中国公众和医务工作者对新冠肺炎疫苗接种的需求和认知度较高,建议开展大规模疫苗接种时注重介绍疫苗安全性和有效性以提高新冠肺炎疫苗的接种率,促进尽早形成人群免疫屏障.

Objective To investigate the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines before granting market approval and its influencing factors among general population and healthcare workers in China.Methods A telephone survey and a web-based questionnaire survey on the willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccines were conducted among local residents and healthcareworkers randomly selected from three cities in east,middle and west areas of China on June 18-30,2020,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify its influencing factors.Results A total of 1,874 general persons and 627 medical workers participated in this study.82.9%of the general persons and 95.9%of the healthcare workers were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines,83.0%of parentsto vaccinate children and 77.8%of caregivers to vaccinate the elderly.The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines was positively correlated with vaccination intention.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that general population living in Shanghai(OR=0.314,95%CI:0.209-0.464)or Wuhan(OR=0.547,95%CI:0.354-0.836)had a lower willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 compared with those in Lanzhou,whereas medical workers who had ever received a flu vaccine(OR=2.784,95%CI:1.254-6.279)were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccination.General population and medical workers with higher risk perception of COVID-19 were more willing to have COVID-19 vaccination(OR_(general population)=2.046,95%CI:1.685-2.495;OR_(medical workers)=1.843,95%CI:1.081-3.082).The main reasons for the unwillingness to immunization were to worry about the vaccines'safety and effectiveness.Conclusion There is a high demand for and awareness of COVID-19 vaccination among the general population and healthcare workers in China,suggesting that mass vaccination campaigns that focus on the introduction of safety and effectiveness of the vaccines should be conducted so as to increase the coverage rate of COVID-19 vaccination and facilitate the early formation of population immunization barriers.