知识型零工职业转换自主动机及其形成机理的扎根研究

A Grounded Study on Autonomous Motivation and Formation Mechanism of Knowledge-based Gig Workers’Job Transition

随着零工经济的发展,以知识型零工为代表的“新个体”正在崛起,并成为我国就业领域中不可忽视的新现象、新趋势。然而,知识型零工职业转换的动机及形成机理尚是个“黑箱”。为此,本研究从自主动机视角出发,运用建构型扎根理论的方法,深度探讨知识型零工职业转换自主动机的结构内涵、驱动因素与形成机理。研究发现,知识型零工职业转换的自主动机由价值认同动机和压力整合动机构成;继而,本文沿着“条件-行动/互动-结果”的结构框架探索价值认同动机和压力整合动机的差异化影响因素及其内在联结机制,最终构建出知识型零工职业转换自主动机的形成机理。具体来说,平台政策、个体技能化和职业价值取向会通过影响个体对职业转换意义的感知进而对职业转换价值认同动机产生影响,个体主动性特质在感知职业转换意义和价值认同动机之间发挥强化作用;外部环境不确定性、现状不满和平台政策会通过职业转换认可度对职业转换压力整合动机产生影响,个体的调节匹配能力在职业转换认可度和压力整合动机之间起到制约作用。本研究既能为后续开展实证研究奠定理论框架,又能为零工平台有效激励“新个体”、促进零工经济的健康可持续发展提供有益借鉴。

With the development of gig economy,"new individuals"represented by knowledge-based gig workers are rising,and become a new phenomenon and new trend that cannot be ignored in the field of employment in China.However,the motivation and formation mechanism of knowledge-based gig workers’job transition is still a"black box".Therefore,from the perspective of autonomous motivation,this study uses the method of constructiongrounded theory to deeply explore the structural connotation,driving factors and formation mechanism of autonomous motivation of knowledge-based gig workers’job transition.It is found that the autonomous motivation of knowledge-based gig workers’job transition consists of value identification motivation and pressure integration motivation.Then,this paper explores the differential influencing factors and internal connection mechanism of value identification motivation and pressure integration motivation along the structure of"condition-action/interaction–result",and finally constructs the formation mechanism of autonomous motivation of knowledgebased gig workers’job transition.Specifically,platform policy,individual skillfulness and occupational value orientation can influence the motivation of occupational conversion value identification by influencing individuals’perception of the meaning of occupational conversion,and individual initiative traits play a reinforcing role in the relationship between perceived significance of occupational conversion and value identification motivation.The uncertainty of external environment,dissatisfaction of current situation and platform policy have influence on the pressure integration motivation of career change through the recognition degree of career change,and the adjustment matching ability of individuals has a restriction effect on the recognition degree of career change and the pressure integration motivation.This study can not only lay a theoretical framework for follow-up empirical research,but also provide experience for gig platforms to effectively motivate"new individuals"and promote the healthy and sustainable development of gig economy.