福利国家模式、增长悖论与再平衡:对中国现代化及共同富裕的启示

Patterns of Welfare States,Growth Paradox and Rebalance:Enlightenment to China’s Modernization and Common Prosperity

作为现代化的一种制度创造,福利国家模式确立的初衷旨在达成兼顾效率公平的社会进步秩序。但这种基于福特主义的福利国家模式自身蕴含了一个增长悖论,即经济增长可能引致更多的福利支出需求,福利负担的加重反过来会削弱经济增长和福利支出的基础。1980年代以来,福利国家的服务化、老龄化使得增长悖论凸显,各国不得不在财政约束、收入公平和就业增长“三难困境”中做出权衡,由此持续至今的结构改革加剧了福利国家模式分化。尽管存在不少问题,但作为一种不可逆转的现代化趋势,福利国家模式的经验教训对中国式现代化道路的探索有诸多启发价值。

As a system created by modernization,the original intention of welfare state is to achieve an order of social progress which takes efficiency and fairness into account.However,this Fordist-based welfare state model itself contains a growth paradox that growth may lead to more demand for welfare cost,and the increased welfare burden in turn weakens the basis of economic growth and welfare.Since the 1980s,the servitization and aging of welfare states have highlighted the paradox of growth,which drove them to make trade-offs among the trilemma of fiscal balance,income equity and employment growth.As a result,enduring structural reforms have intensified the divergency of welfare state model.Although there are many problems,as an irreversible trend of modernization,the experience of the patterns of welfare states is still valuable for the exploration of the modernization path with Chinese characteristics.