欧美校园欺凌干预政策研究的现状及特点分析——基于Nvivo12的质性研究

The Development and Characteristics of the Research on School Bullying Intervention Policy in Europe and America——Qualitative Study Based on Nvivo12

校园欺凌问题是和谐校园建设中不可忽视的重要问题。欧美国家对于校园欺凌干预政策研究已经形成较为完备的研究体系,而我国关于欺凌干预政策的研究才刚刚起步。通过对欧美校园欺凌干预政策研究文本分析发现,目前欧美在欺凌干预政策问题界定上对特殊群体、特殊欺凌类型,以及欺凌伤害责任等方面较为关注;在政策制定上,基于关注学生的身心健康和良好校园环境的营造,强调政策和立法是减少校园欺凌的有效途径;校长、教师、家长,以及其他社会资源对欺凌行为的确认度与执行力是制约欺凌干预政策落实的重要因素;在政策调整上,提倡政策从外部控制性干预转向注重心理、氛围等内在环境因素的培育。

School bullying is an important issue relating to the construction of harmonious campus.European and American countries have conducted systematic research on school bullying intervention policy while China has just started.By analyzing the relevant documents of Europe and America,it is found that the research in policy definition focuses on the special groups,special types of bullying,and the bullying injury responsibility;the research in policy formulation,based on the attention to students’physical and mental health and the construction of better campus environment,maintains that policy and legislation are the effective ways to reduce school bullying;the recognition and enforcement on bullying behavior by principals,teachers,parents and other social resources are the important factors that restrict the implementation of policy.In terms of policy adjustment,it is advocated that policy should shift from external controlling intervention to the cultivation of the internal psychological and environmental factors.