健康信念模式对流动儿童疫苗接种情况的影响

Influence of health belief model on vaccination status of migrant children

目的探讨健康信念模式对流动儿童疫苗接种情况的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2020年3月200名流动儿童作为研究对象,根据抽签法将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各100名。对照组实施常规干预,观察组实施健康信念模式。比较两组儿童家属的预防接种知识知晓情况及儿童建证率、建卡率及卡介苗(BCG)、脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)、百白破联合疫苗(DTP)、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)接种率、接种不良反应发生情况。结果观察组儿童家属各项预防接种知识知晓率均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组儿童的建证率、建卡率及BCG、OPV、DTP、MV接种率均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组儿童的接种不良反应总发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对流动儿童实施健康信念模式能显著提高其疫苗接种率,预防接种不良反应的发生,同时可提高儿童家属对接种知识的了解度。值得临床应用和推广。

Objective To explore the influence of health belief model on vaccination status of migrant children. Methods A total of 200 migrant children from January 2019 to March 2020 were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into control group and observation group according to drawing lots, with 100 cases in each group. The control group implemented routine intervention, and the observation group implemented health belief model. The awareness status of vaccination knowledge of family members of children, the rate of establishing certificates, the rate of establishing cards, the vaccination rates of bacillus calmene-guerin(BCG), oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine(OPV), diphtheria-tetanuapertussis vaccin(DTP) and measles attenuated live vaccine(MV), and the occurrence of vaccination adverse reactions of children were compared between the two groups. Results The awareness rates of vaccination knowledge of family members of children in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The rate of establishing certificates, the rate of establishing cards and the vaccination rates of BCG,OPV, DTP and MV of children in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The total incidence of vaccination adverse reactions of children in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The implementation of health belief model for migrant children can significantly improve the vaccination rate, prevent the occurrence of vaccination adverse reactions, and improve their family members’ understanding of vaccination knowledge. It is worthy of clinical application and promotion.