汕头海湾隧道消防减灾设计研究与应用

Design and application of fire protection and disaster reduction in Shantou Bay Tunnel

以汕头海湾隧道工程为依托,通过调研相关规范和工程实例、同步开展火灾实验和数值模拟分析,对消防减灾设计中的火灾规模、控烟排烟模式、自动报警及消防灭火措施等几个关键技术难题进行了应用研究。结果表明,当隧道设置自动灭火系统时,即使隧道允许货车拖车通行,火灾规模也可按50 MW进行设计;当隧道采用集中排烟模式时,隧道顶板温度低于900℃,烟气蔓延范围小于300 m,温度影响范围为火源两侧10 m,能见度影响范围为火源两侧5 m,CO体积分数小于临界危险值5×10^(-4),疏散环境良好;当隧道设置两种不同的火灾探测器时,60 s内可完成报警,水下长大隧道应设置消火栓、灭火器和自动灭火系统,优先采用泡沫-水喷雾联用灭火系统,消防时3个灭火分区同时动作。

Based on the Shantou Bay Tunnel Project, several key technical parameters such as fire scale, smoke control and exhaust mode, automatic alarm and fire extinguishing measures in fire control and disaster reduction design were studied by investigating related codes and project cases, and simultaneously carrying out fire experiment and numerical simulation analysis.The results show that when the tunnel is equipped with automatic fire extinguishing system, the fire scale can be designed as 50MW even if the tunnel allows the passage of trucks and trailers.When the tunnel adopts centralized smoke exhaust mode, the roof temperature of the tunnel is lower than 900 ℃, the smoke spread range is less than 300 m, the temperature influence range is 10 m and the visibility influence range is 5 m on both sides of the fire source, the CO volume fraction is less than the critical danger value of 5×10^(-4), and the evacuation environment is good.When the tunnel is equipped with two different kinds of fire detectors, the alarm can be completed within 60 s. The underwater long tunnel should be equipped with fire hydrants, fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishing systems, and the foam-water spray combined fire extinguishing system should be preferred, and the three fire extinguishing zones should operate at the same time.