孔子“勇”观念的德性化路径

Moralization Tendency of Confucius’Concept of“Bravery”

春秋时期是一个武力角逐、诸侯争霸的时代,所以“力勇”这一概念在当时格外重要。但是,过分强调“力勇”又会给社会带来一系列弊端。孔子看到了“勇”的双重面向,强调规避“力勇”因盲目性和血气性所产生的弊端,而将“勇德”纳入儒家的德性体系以彰显“勇”的真正价值。在孔子看来,“勇”正是在与仁、礼、智、义的制约和联系中不断实现德性化,而勇之德性化的过程即表现为“力勇”成为“勇德”的过程。孔子对“勇”的德性化也开启了后世对于“勇德”的推崇。

The Spring and Autumn Period was an era of military competition and feudal lords contended for hegemony,so“bravery”was particularly important at that time.However,the overemphasis on“bravery”will bring a series of problems to the society.Confucius saw the dual nature of“bravery”and emphasized avoiding itsdisadvantages caused by blindness and impulsivity,incorporating the“virtue of bravery”into the Confucian virtue system to highlight the real value of“bravery”.In Confucius’view,“bravery”is constantly moralized in the constraints and connections with benevolence,propriety,wisdom and righteousness,and the process of its moralization manifests itself as“bravery”becomes“virtue of bravery”.Confucius’moral transformation of“bravery”also initiated the later generations to praise the“virtue of bravery”.