感觉运动训练对住院老年精神分裂症患者跌倒风险的效果研究

The effects of sensorimotor training on the risk of falls in hospitalized elderly patients with schizophrenic

目的探讨感觉运动训练对老年精神分裂症患者认知功能、平衡能力和跌倒风险的干预效果。方法选择2021年6—9月无锡市精神卫生中心60例住院老年精神分裂症患者,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各30例。对照组在常规护理的基础上实施传统运动锻炼,研究组在常规护理的基础上实施感觉运动训练,2组训练3次/周,持续8周共24次。分别使用中文版简易智能精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、修订版住院患者跌倒风险评估量表(MMFS)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)评估2组患者认知水平、跌倒风险、平衡功能。结果干预8周后,研究组患者MMSE总分(26.72±1.71)分,高于对照组的(22.36±1.93)分,其中时间定向力、地点定向力、记忆力、注意力及计算力、回忆力和语言能力得分分别为(4.90±0.31)、(4.72±0.53)、(2.86±0.35)、(4.66±0.61)、(2.83±0.47)、(6.76±1.09)分,高于对照组的(4.36±0.56)、(3.93±0.66)、(2.57±0.50)、(3.64±1.03)、(2.18±0.67)、(5.68±1.02)分,差异有统计学意义(t值为2.53~9.06,均P<0.05)。研究组MMFS总分(5.93±1.49)分,低于对照组的(8.75±2.30)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-5.51,P<0.01)。研究组BBS总分(38.83±1.71)分,高于对照组的(30.89±1.93)分,差异有统计学意义(t=16.43,P<0.01)。结论感觉运动训练能提升老年精神分裂症患者的平衡功能、认知功能和降低跌倒风险。

Objective To explore the intervention effect of sensorimotor training on cognitive function,balance and fall risk of elderly patients with schizophrenia.Methods The 60 hospitalized elderly schizophrenic patients in Wuxi Mental Health Center were randomly divided into experimental group and control group from June to September 2021,with 30 cases in each group.The control group implemented traditional exercise on the basis of routine nursing.The experimental group received 8-week and 24 times sensorimotor training on the basis of the routine nursing.The Chinese version of the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE)was used to assess the cognitive level of patients,the Modified Morse Fall Scale(MMFS)was used to assess the risk of falls,and the Berg Balance Scale(BBS)was used to assess the balance function.Results After 8 weeks of intervention,the total score of MMSE was(26.72±1.71),higher than the total score of the control group(22.36±1.93),the factor scores of temporal orientation,spatial orientation,recollection,attention and calculation,memory and language ability in the experimental group were(4.90±0.31),(4.72±0.53),(2.86±0.35),(4.66±0.61),(2.83±0.47),(6.76±1.09),higher than scores of the control group(4.36±0.56),(3.93±0.66),(2.57±0.50),(3.64±1.03),(2.18±0.67),(5.68±1.02),and the difference was statistically significant(t values were 2.53-9.06,all P<0.05).The total score of MMFS in the experimental group was(5.93±1.49),which was lower than that in the control group(8.75±2.30).The difference was statistically significant(t=-5.51,P<0.01).The total score of BBS in the experimental group was(38.83±1.71),which was higher than that in the control group(30.89±1.93).The difference was statistically significant(t=16.43,P<0.01).Conclusions Sensorimotor training can improve the level of balance,cognitive function and reduce the risk of falls in elderly patients with schizophrenia.