乡村学校盛与衰:强制性制度与诱致性因素的推引

The Prosperity and Decline of Rural Schools: The Deduction of Mandatory System and Inducing Factors

回顾乡村学校由盛而衰的历史演变过程可以发现,这一过程与我国政治经济制度的变迁相伴随。改革开放后乡村学校经历了调整与变革期、逐致衰弱期等几个阶段,其影响变迁的动因中既有强制性因素亦有诱致性因素。新农村建设要走出乡村学校发展的困境,缩小与城镇学校办学差距,需要合理运用制度变迁方式的转变规律,适时推进以政府为主导的强制性制度方式,加强乡村学校的建设,构建“小而优、小而美、小而特”的新时代乡村学校。

A review of the prosperity-to-decline evolution of rural schools shows that this process is accompanied by the changes of China’s political and economic systems. After the reform and opening-up, rural schools have gone through stages such as adjustment and transformation, gradual decline, etc. What influenced the changes were both compulsive factors and inductive factors. In order to get out of the predicament of the development of rural schools and narrow the gap between rural schools and urban schools, it is necessary to rationally apply the transformation law of institutional change mode, timely promote the governmentled mandatory system,strengthen the construction of rural schools, and build“small but excellent, beautiful and unique”rural schools in the new era.