小型高速离心风机气动噪声数值模拟方法研究

Numerical Simulation Study on Aerodynamic Noise of Small High-speed Centrifugal Fans

针对载人航天飞行任务中环控生保系统对于空间噪声控制的要求,以某型号小型高速离心风机为研究对象,分析气动噪声产生机理,构建三维模型,运用ANSYS Fluent软件,采用RNGκ-ε模型、DES模型、LES模型进行瞬态数值仿真计算。对离心风机进行噪声试验研究,根据离心风机在轨实际工况,得到不同含氧率下的气动噪声分布情况。研究结果表明:气动噪声的噪声源主要位于风机蜗壳及蜗舌处。LES模型与试验结果吻合最好。工作在纯氧下的离心风机比空气下噪声高约1.81%。文中所得结果可以用于载人航天上行风机设备的噪声仿真及地面试验,为小型高速离心风机降噪设计提供参考依据。

To meet the requirements of space noise control of the environmental control and life support system in the manned space missions,a certain type small high-speed centrifugal fan is used as the research object to analyze the aerodynamic noise generation mechanism.A three-dimensional model of the centrifugal fan is constructed.The RNG model,DES model and LES model are adopted to perform the transient numerical simulation by means of ANSYS Fluent software.A noise test of the centrifugal fan is carried out.According to the practical operating conditions of the centrifugal fan in the orbit,the aerodynamic noise distribution under different oxygen rates is obtained.The research results show that the aerodynamic noise source is mainly located at the fan volute and volute tongue.Among the three models,the results of the LES model have the best agreement with the experimental results.The centrifugal fan working under pure oxygen has a noise about 1.81%higher than that under the air.The results obtained in this article has the potential use in noise simulation and ground test of manned spaceflight fan equipment,and provide a reference for the noise reduction design of small high-speed centrifugal fans.