环境背景噪声对飞机噪声监测结果的影响

Influence of Background Noise on Aircraft Noise Monitoring

为研究在飞机噪声监测中背景噪声客观上无法满足标准要求时的数据有效性问题,选择在低噪声环境,距机场不同距离的位置测得基本不受背景噪声影响的飞机噪声数据,在上述数据的基础上叠加模拟的背景噪声,以分析背景噪声对监测结果的影响,分析表明:随着背景噪声的增加,飞机可感觉噪声级随着之增大;且背景噪声越高,增幅越大;当飞机最大等声级大于背景噪声15 dB以上时,增幅趋于稳定。进一步分析表明:造成可感觉噪声级变大的原因主要是飞机持续时间变长。基于上述结论,在监测中,若飞机最大声级与背景噪声的差值大于15 dB时,监测结果仍可较真实地反映测点受飞机噪声的影响情况;若小于15 dB,则监测结果与不受背景噪声影响时相比,偏大较多。当飞机最大声级仅高于背景噪声10 dB时:对于特大型机场,监测点位于1~2声环境达标类区时,其飞机噪声达标判定会受到干扰;对于大型机场,监测点位于2类声环境达标区时,其飞机噪声达标判定会受到干扰;而对于中型机场,则其达标判定基本不受干扰。当飞机最大声级高于背景噪声15 dB时,其达标判定也基本不受干扰。

To study the validity of the aircraft noise monitoring data when the background noise cannot satisfy the standard requirements,the aircraft noise data is measured at different distances from the airport in the low-noise environment,which means that the data is basically unaffected by the background noise.Then,the simulated background noise is superimposed on the above data for analyzing the influence of the background noise on the monitoring results.It is shown that,as the background noise increases,the aircraft effective perceivable noise level also increases.And the higher the background noise is,the greater the increase is.When the maximum sound level of the aircraft is greater than the background noise by 15dB or more,the increase tends to stable.Further analysis shows that the reason for the increase of the effective perceivable noise level is mainly the longer duration of flight of the aircraft.Based on the above analysis,it is concluded that if the aircraft maximum sound level is 15 dB higher than the background noise level,the monitoring results can still be a more realistic reflection of the impact of aircraft noise at the monitoring point;if it is less than 15 dB,the monitoring results will be much higher than those without the influence of background noise;When the maximum sound level of the aircraft is only 10 dB greater than the background noise,for the super-large airport,the aircraft noise compliance determination will be disturbed at the monitoring points located in class 1 or class 2 noise environment functional area;For large airports,when the monitoring points are located in the class 2 noise environment functional area,the aircraft noise compliance determination will be definitely disturbed,while for medium-sized airports,compliance determination will be basically undisturbed;When the maximum sound level of the aircraft is 15 dB greater than the background noise,the aircraft noise compliance determination will be basically undisturbed also.