光环境对不同视力者视觉绩效的影响

Effects of luminous environments on visual performance of people with different vision

目的:研究不同模拟光环境下不同视力者视觉绩效的变化,为修订飞行人员视力标准提供试验依据。方法:随机对照研究。招募24名志愿者,根据右眼/左眼视力分为1.0/1.0、0.8/0.8、0.6/0.6和0.4/0.4(小数视力)4组,每组6人,分别在模拟日光、曙暮光和云上光环境下检测双眼静态远视力、动态视力、色觉和深径觉误差及视觉搜索时间,比较不同光环境对不同视力者视觉绩效指标影响的变化。结果:不同光环境下双眼静态远视力、动态视力、色觉误差、深径觉误差和视觉搜索时间存在主效应差异(均P<0.01)。日光下双眼静态远视力、色觉辨别、深径觉和视觉搜索能力均高于曙暮光和云上光。在0.4/0.4视力组,曙暮光、云上光环境下动态视力显著低于日光环境(P<0.01)。不同视力者双眼静态远视力、动态视力、深径觉误差和视觉搜索时间存在主效应差异(均P<0.05)。与1.0/1.0视力组比较,0.6/0.6、0.4/0.4视力组动态视力、深径觉和视觉搜索能力显著下降(均P<0.05)。结论:不同光环境对视力低于正常者视觉绩效存在明显影响,对飞行安全构成潜在的威胁。

AIM:To study the effects of the specific simulated luminous environment on the visual performance of people with different vision,so as to provide an experimental basis for revising pilots’vision standards.METHODS:A controlled randomized trial was conducted.Twenty-four volunteers were recruited and divided into four groups(1.0/1.0,0.8/0.8,0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4,decimal vision)according to right/left eye visual acuity,with six subjects in each group.Each subject was tested for static distant vision,kinetic visual acuity,color vision,depth perception error and visual search time under the simulated luminous environments of sunlight,twilight,and on-cloud,respectively,to compare changes in the impact of distinctive luminous surroundings on the visual performance indicators of human beings with different vision.RESULTS:There were main effect differences in static distant vision,kinetic visual acuity,color error,depth perception error and visual search time under different light environments(all P<0.01).The binocular static distant visual acuity,abilities of color discrimination,depth perception and visual search in simulated sunlight environment were higher than those in simulated twilight and on-cloud environments.In the 0.4/0.4 vision group,kinetic vision in simulated twilight and on-cloud environments were significantly lower than that in simulated sunlight environment(P<0.01).There were main effect differences in binocular static distant vision,kinetic visual acuity,depth perception error and visual search time among subjects with different vision(all P<0.05).Compared with 1.0/1.0 vision group,those with 0.6/0.6 and 0.4/0.4 vision had significant decrease in kinetic visual acuity,depth perception ability and visual search ability(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Different luminous environments have a great impact on the visual performance of people with low vision,which poses a potential threat to flight safety.