光催化固氮合成氨催化剂专利技术综述

Review on Patent Technology of Photocatalyst for Nitrogen Fixation and Ammonia Synthesis

氮气是空气的主要成分,具有廉价易得的优点,但是由于氮氮三键极其稳定,不易被利用。NH_(3)是生产各种化学品的重要原料,也是清洁能源的一种重要载体,与人类社会的发展密切相关。目前人工固氮主要依赖于Haber-Bosch氨合成方法,该方法需在高温高压条件下进行,反应条件苛刻,且会造成巨大的能源消耗和严重的环境污染。光催化固氮合成氨是以清洁的太阳能作为唯一能量输入的人工固氮技术,在温和条件下利用N_(2)和H_(2)O直接产生NH_(3),具有绿色无污染、节能等优点,极具应用前景。但是传统的半导体光催化剂的光响应受其带隙的限制,很难实现对光的宽谱响应,因此需要设计性能优异的催化剂。文章对国内外光催化固氮合成氨催化剂进行检索和分析,整理各技术构成的发展状况,明晰光催化固氮催化剂存在的问题并预测未来的发展趋势。

Nitrogen is the main component of air and has the advantage of being cheap and easy to obtain,but it is not easy to be utilized due to its stable nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond.NH_(3) is an important raw material for the production of various chemicals and an important carrier of clean energy,which is closely related to the development of human society.At present,artificial nitrogen fixation mainly relies on the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis method,which needs to be carried out under high temperature and high pressure conditions.The reaction conditions are harsh,and it will cause huge energy consumption and serious environmental pollution.Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation synthetic ammonia is an artificial nitrogen fixation technology that uses clean solar energy as the only energy input.It directly generates NH_(3) from N_(2) and H_(2)O under mild conditions.It has the advantages of green,energy saving,etc.,and has great application prospects.However,the photoresponse of traditional semiconductor photocatalysts is limited by its band gap,and it is difficult to achieve a broad spectral response to light,so it is necessary to design catalysts with excellent performance.Therefore,this paper analyzes the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation catalysts at home and abroad,sorts out the development context of each technology branch,clarifies the existing problems of photocatalytic nitrogen fixation catalysts and predicts the future development trend.