烟草种采烤分一体化生产组织模式创新——基于福建省龙岩市烟区的调研

Innovation of integrated tobacco production organization mode of planting,picking,baking and separating:Based on a survey in tobacco planting areas of Longyan Municipal of Fujian Province

在我国现代烟草农业的生产和经营体系形成过程中,生产组织模式的创新发展与支撑作用极为重要。基于福建省龙岩市烟区6县的调研数据,分析了自种自烤的传统模式与5种新型生产组织模式的特点以及烟叶产量、质量、投入成本、收益等方面的差异,结果显示:自种自烤模式依然具有产量优势,但质量水平偏低;创新组织模式的节本省工作用明显,但效益提升能力尚未显现。这些发现为更好解决烟叶产业长期以来“大户请工难,小户用工浪费”的劳动力困境和“今后谁来种烟”“如何种好烟”的问题提供了政策参考。

The innovative development of production and organization model is quite important in the process of forming modern tobacco production and business system in China. This study analyzes the characteristics of traditional self-planting model as well as five new production and organization models, and compared differences in tobacco production, quality, costs and profits between different models.The results show that the self-planting model still has advantages in production volume but its quality level is low;innovative models have lower costs and enhanced efficiency, but the profits are not improved significantly. These findings provide a better solution to the tobacco industry for a long time “large households difficult to hire workers, small households waste workers” labor plight and solve the problems of“who will grow tobacco in the future” and “how to grow tobacco well”.