儿童营养不良的研究进展

Research progress in child malnutrition

儿童正常的生长发育离不开各类营养素的合理摄入,培养儿童良好的饮食习惯,给予儿童营养丰富、多样化的食物可促进儿童体格的稳步增长,近期可减少缺铁性贫血、维生素D缺乏性佝偻病等营养性疾病的发生,远期可减少成年后慢性疾病如高血压、糖尿病等疾病的发生。任何一种营养素摄入不合理,均可导致儿童出现营养不良。随着儿童营养状况的变迁,近年来,儿童营养不良指的是任何一种营养失衡的状态,可表现为营养不足、微量营养素缺乏及超重/肥胖。儿童营养不良可对儿童自身及社会发展造成不良影响。本文主要从儿童营养不良的现状、危险因素、危害、面临的挑战及干预方案进行综述。

The normal growth and development of children cannot be separated from the reasonable intake of various nutrients.Cultivating good eating habits and providing nutritious and diversified food to children can promote the s teady growth of children’s physique and reduce the occurrence of nutritional diseases such as iron deficiency anemia and vitamin D deficiency rickets in the near future.In the long term,chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes can also be reduced in adults.Any kind of unreasonable nutrient can lead to malnutrition in children.With children’s nutritional status changing,in recent years,child malnutrition has been defined as any nutritional imbalance that can manifest as undernutrition,micronutrient deficiency,and overweight/obesity.Child malnutrition has adverse effects on the children themselves and social development.This article reviews the present situation,risk factors,hazards,challenges and intervention schemes of child malnutrition.