全面抗战时期陕甘宁边区自给经济研究——兼与陈永发、陈耀煌商榷

A Study on Self-sufficiency Economy in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region during the Total War of Resistance against Japan—Also in discussion with Chen Yongfa and Chen Yaohuang

全面抗战时期,以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人提出了新民主主义理论,新民主主义经济的主要特征是不仅要发展公营和集体经济,更允许资本主义和私营经济的发展。在新民主主义经济政策的指导下,陕甘宁边区根据抗战形势的变化不断调整经济政策。陕甘宁边区不仅有建立自给经济的资源,也确立了适合建立自给经济的各项制度,促进边区建立了自给经济体系。1944年底,边区粮食产量就达到了“耕三余一”或“耕二余一”,棉花可以达到自给率的85%,布匹自给率达到60%上,大部分日用工业品可以满足需求,部分产品还自给有余。因此,边区自给经济体系的建立是边区度过抗战困难时期的根本原因,对外贸易只起到辅助作用。

During the total war of resistance against Japan,the Chinese Communists represented by Mao Zedong put forward the theory of neo-democracy.The main feature of the neo-democratic economy is not only to develop the public and collective economy,but also to allow the development of capitalism and private economy.With the guidance of the neo-democratic economic policy,the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region constantly adjusted its economic policy according to the changes of situation of the War.The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region not only had the resources to establish a self-sufficiency economy,but also established various regulations suitable for the self-sufficiency economy,which promoted the establishment of a self-sufficiency economy system.By the end of 1944,the grain yield in the border area had reached“Three-year farming with One-year Surplus”or“Two-year farming with One-year Surplus”.The self-sufficiency rate of cotton was 85%,and the self-sufficiency rate of cloth was 60%.Most daily necessities could meet the demand,and some products were more than self-sufficient.Therefore,the establishment of a self-sustaining economic system in the border area was the fundamental reason for the border area to survive the difficult period of the War of Resistance,while external trade only played a subsidiary role.