不同干燥方法对栽培川贝母外观性状及内在质量的影响

Appearance characters and internal quality of cultivated Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don under different drying methods

以栽培川贝母为研究对象,探究不同干燥方法对药材的外观性状及内在质量的影响,通过直观分析法并结合聚类分析、主成分分析进行综合评价。结果表明,传统晒干,外观性状较优,表面颜色偏白,断面粉性足,有效成分含量较高,但干燥耗时长,易受环境影响;热风干燥,干燥速率增加,耗时大幅度缩短,其中50~55℃温度干燥时与晒干法外观性状相似,除淀粉含量稍有降低外,浸出物、总生物碱含量均有所升高,而杀青处理与60℃处理,断面粉性减弱,角质化程度增加,并促进淀粉分解,淀粉含量相较于传统晒干法分别降低了33.6%、26.25%。冷冻干燥药材表面颜色类白色,内部质地松泡多孔,质地变轻,总生物碱、淀粉含量最高(分别为0.191%、70.37%)。综合分析可知,50~55℃热风干燥法优于传统晒干,可在栽培川贝母的产地加工中推广应用;冷冻干燥有效成分含量高,可用于药效成分提取。

To investigate the effects of different drying methods on the appearance and internal quality of cultivated Fritillaria cirrhosa D.Don(CFC)by using intuitive analysis,cluster analysis(HCA)and principal component analysis(PCA).Results indicated that traditional sun-dried CFC has better appearance,white surface color,enough cross section mealiness,and high content of effective ingredients,but the drying rate was slow and vulnerable to the environment impact,while the drying rate of hot air drying was faster and the time was shortened.When the temperature was 50-55℃,the appearance of CFC was similar to that of the sun drying method,except for the content of total starch,the extract and total alkaloids all increased.However,in the fixation treatment and the 60℃treatment,the cross section mealiness was weakened,degree of keratinization was increased,which also promoted the decomposition of starch,the starch content was reduced by 33.6%and 26.25%compared with the traditional drying method.The surface color of freeze-dried medicinal material was off-white,and the internal texture was loose and porous,and the texture became lighter,the content of total alkaloids and total starch was highest(0.191%and 70.37%,respectively).Comprehensive analysis showed that 50-55℃hot air drying method are better than sun drying method,and can be popularized and applied in the processing of CFC in production place;in the freeze-drying method,the content of active ingredients is high,and it can be used for extraction of medicinal effective ingredients.