基于标准视角思考增材制造团体标准效能探索产业瓶颈的对策

Exploration of the Countermeasures for Industrial Bottlenecks in the Effectiveness of Additive Manufacturing Association Standards Based on the Perspective of Standards

近几年,增材制造技术已成为制造业的研究热点,我国增材制造技术起步较晚,尤其在材料和装备方面与国际存在较大差距,规模化和集约化程度较低,产业与技术发展中面临的标准化问题日益凸显,制约了增材制造产业的规模化发展,如何突破瓶颈找到切实可行的解决办法成为当下增材制造标准化工作的关键。以2021年12月国内发布的128项和以美国、德国、日本、ISO国际组织发布的139项增材制造标准为基础,结合增材制造技术特点进行综合研判,认为一方面应从现有的技术标准入手,也就是在原材料特性、过程工艺控制、验收交付等方法的研究已经在2021年6月发布文章,本文不再累述;另一方面是基于标准的视角分析,应充分发挥增材制造类团体标准的效能,从六方面给出方法建议对策,突破增材制造产业发展的瓶颈。纵观世界,发达国家的增材制造业发展步伐加快,我国应加倍重视增材制造产业和增材制造的标准化,深度融入全球增材制造产业链,有效提升国家科技竞争力、创造力,推动我国由制造大国向制造强国的转变;。展望未来,在《中国制造2025》的带动下,中国增材制造业的发展速度和质量必将显著提升,逐步迈向中高端,为全球经济稳定和增长提供持续强大的动力。

In recent years, additive manufacturing technology has become a research hotspot in the manufacturing industry. In China, the additive manufacturing started late with a large gap in its materials and equipment compared with the international ones and low scale and intensive degree. The standardization problems faced in the development of industry and technology are increasingly prominent, restricting the scale development of additive manufacturing industry.Therefore, how to break through the bottleneck to find practical solutions becomes the key to the standardization of additive manufacturing work at present. By focusing on and analyzing the 128 domestic and 139 additive manufacturing standards released in December 2021 based on the United States, Germany, Japan, ISO international organizations combined with the characteristics of additive manufacturing technology for a comprehensive study and judgment, it is believed that on the one hand, we should start with the existing technical standards. The article on such research including raw material characteristics, process control, acceptance delivery and other methods has been released in June 2021. On the other hand, the analysis based on the perspective of standards, the effectiveness of association standards on additive manufacturing should be given full play to give suggestions and countermeasures in six aspects to break through the bottleneck of the development of additive manufacturing industry. Throughout the world, since the development pace of the additive manufacturing industry in developed countries has accelerated, we should pay more attention to the additive manufacturing industry and the standardization of additive manufacturing, deeply integrate into the global additive manufacturing industry chain, effectively enhance the national scientific and technological competitiveness, creativity, and promote the transformation of China from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing country[3]. Looking ahead, driven by "Made in China 2025", the development speed and quality of China’s additive manufacturing industry will certainly significantly improve and gradually move to the middle and high end, providing a strong and sustainable driving force for global economic stability and growth.