湖南高望界国家级自然保护区雪峰山梭罗种群结构与动态特征

Population structure and dynamics of Reevesia pubescens var. xuefengensis in the Gaowangjie National Nature Reserve of Hunan Province

【目的】雪峰山梭罗(Reevesia pubescens var.xuefengensis)为中国特有梭罗树属植物,研究其种群结构与动态特征,分析种群与环境之间的关系,为雪峰山梭罗的保护与利用提供依据。【方法】在湖南高望界国家级自然保护区,采用典型样地调查法对雪峰山梭罗群落进行调查,记录样地内每个雪峰山梭罗个体的胸径、树高、冠幅等指标,根据调查样地得到的数据,进行结构级划分和数量动态量化,编制静态生命表,得到存活曲线、死亡率曲线、消失率曲线、生存函数等,进行生存分析及时间序列预测,对湖南省高望界自然保护区内雪峰山梭罗种群结构及动态特征进行研究。【结果】雪峰山梭罗种群低龄级个体占优势,在向中龄级成长过程中大量死亡;种群对环境的抗干扰能力低,稳定性差;出现3次死亡高峰;符合Deevey-Ⅱ型曲线;动态生存特征整体表现为前期阶段减少、中期阶段较为稳定、后期阶段衰退;时间序列分析预测表明,未来雪峰山梭罗种群个体数量有上升趋势。【结论】该地区雪峰山梭罗种群相对稳定,总体呈增长趋势,如果幼龄级个体存活率不能提高,随时间推移,中龄级个体数得不到很好的补充,种群结构将会发生变化。建议加强该种群的保护应结合环境要素,减少人为干扰,促进其可持续发展。

【Objective】Reevesia pubescensvar.xuefengensisis endemic to China. The study of the population structureand dynamic characteristics, and analyses of the relationship between population and environment is examined, toprovide a theoretical basis for the protection and use ofR.pubescensvar.xuefengensis. 【Method】 A typical plot surveymethod was used to investigate the community ofR. pubescensvar.xuefengensis, and the DBH, the height and the crownwidth of each individual in the plot were recorded. According to data obtained from the survey, structure level divisionand quantity dynamic quantization were carried out. The population dynamics ofR. pubescensvar.xuefengensiswerestudied, and its static life table, survival curve, mortality and vanish rate, survival function and time series predictionwere analyzed.【Result】The younger individuals in the population were dominant and many of them died while growing tomiddle-aged. The population had a low anti-disturbance ability and poor stability in the environment. There were three peaks of death recorded, with trends conforming to the Deevey-Ⅱ curve. The dynamic survival characteristics decreasedin the early stage, became stable in the middle stage, and declined in the late stage. The result of time series analysisindicated that the number of individuals in the population will increase in the future.【Conclusion】The population in thisstudy area is relatively stable. The population structure will change if the survival rate of the young individuals does notimprove and the number of middle individuals cannot be well supplemented. Strengthening protection of the populationshould be combined with the environment, while reducing the human disturbance and promoting the sustainabledevelopment.