2012-2020年青岛市发热伴血小板减少症流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,Qingdao city,2012-2020

目的对青岛市发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)的流行病学特征进行分析,为SFTS的防控工作提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中获取2012-2020年青岛市SFTS疫情资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析SFTS病例的时间、人群及地区分布。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学检验,分析青岛市SFTS分布情况。结果2012-2020年青岛市累计报告SFTS病例253例,年均28例(6~63例),年均报告发病率0.31/10万(0.07/10万~0.66/10万),死亡20例,病死率7.91%。男、女的发病率分别为0.33/10万、0.29/10万,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男女病死率分别为7.97%和7.82%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。病例发病集中在4~10月,50岁以上中老年人为高发人群(79.05%,200/253),职业分布以农民为主(76.68%,194/253)。发病数居前四位的市区分别为即墨区(61例)、莱西市(55例)、黄岛区(54例)和平度市(38例)。SFTS病例高度散发,波及乡镇(街道)78个,其中发病数前三位的乡镇是莱西市马连庄镇(17例)、平度市旧店镇(14例)和即墨区田横镇(14例)。结论SFTS在青岛市疫区分布范围不断扩大,发病具有一定的区域性和季节性,50岁以上农民是高危人群。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)in Qingdao city,so as to provide the evidence for developing prevention and control strategy.Methods Data of SFTS cases in Qingdao city during 2012-2020 were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention.Descriptive epidemiological method was conducted to analyze time,area,population and regional distribution characteristics of the SFTS cases.The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 software and the statistical map was plotted with ArcGIS 10.8 software.Results A total of 253 cases of SFTS were reported in Qingdao city during the period of 2012-2020.The average annual number was 28(6-63 cases)and the average annual incidence was 0.31/105(0.07/105-0.66/105).There were 20 dead cases,with the mortality of 7.91%.The incidence of male and female was 0.33/105 and 0.29/105,respectively,with no significant difference(χ~2=0.00,P>0.05).The mortality of male and female was 7.97%and 7.82%,respectively,with no significant difference(χ~2=0.00,P>0.05).Cases mainly occurred from April to October,of the reported cases 79.05%were over 50 years old and 76.68%were farmers.The top 4 high-risk areas were Jimo district(61 cases),Laixi city(55 cases),Huangdao district(54 cases)and Pingdu city(38 cases),which accounted for 82.21%of the total cases.The cases of SFTS were highly sporadic affecting 78 townships(subdistricts).The top 3 high-risk townships were Malianzhuang town of Laixi city(17 cases),Jiudian town of Pingdu city(14 cases),and Tianheng town of Jimo district(14 cases).Conclusion The distribution of SFTS in Qingdao city is expanding.SFTS cases has certain seasonal and regional characteristics.Farmers over 50 years old are at high risk.