上游服务业开放与制造业企业的环境污染

Opening-up of Upstream Services and Manufacturers’ Environmental Pollution

推动开放发展和绿色发展是贯穿“十四五”时期我国经济高质量发展和培育形成国际竞争新优势的重要发展理念。本文通过整合1998—2013年中国工业企业数据库及中国工业企业污染排放数据库获得了高度细化的微观企业数据,再将其与基于《外商投资产业指导目录》和投入产出表构建的上游服务业开放指标进一步合并,实证研究了我国上游服务业开放对企业污染的影响效应及内在机制。研究发现,首先,服务业开放会显著降低企业污染水平,这一结论在多重稳健性检验及内生性处理后依然显著成立;其次,服务业开放主要通过降低投入中的能源依赖和推动生产中的技术进步两个方面来改善企业环境绩效;最后,能源消耗水平、服务依赖度更高的企业以及技术密集型行业内企业更能依托服务业开放发挥环境改善效应。本文研究结论揭示了我国扩大服务业开放进程中的生态环境效应,为进一步推动开放发展战略与绿色发展新理念的耦合与兼容提供了有益的经验证据和政策启示。

Promoting opening-up and green development is a new development concept to promote China’s high-quality economic development and foster new advantage in international competition during the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025). This paper integrates the micro enterprise data in the 1998-2013 from Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database and Pollution Emissions Database of Chinese Industrial Enterprises, and then merges them with the upstream services opening-up indicators in the Catalogue for the Guidance of Industries for Foreign Investment to empirically analyze the environmental effects of services opening-up on corporate pollution. The findings indicate that:(1) the opening-up of service industry will significantly reduce corporate air pollution. This result is still significant under several robustness tests and endogenous treatment;(2) reducing energy dependence and upgrading technology are important channels for the opening-up of the service market to reduce corporate pollution;(3) in addition, enterprises with higher average energy consumption, in high-tech industries or with a high degree of dependence on services can exert more prominent emission reduction effects after the opening-up of the service industry. The research conclusions reveal the environmental effects of opening wider the service industry, and provide useful empirical evidence and policy inspiration for further promoting the coupling and compatibility of opening-up and green development concepts.