基层治理创新何以“落地”?——基于制度企业家视角的比较研究

Implementation of Grassroots Governance Innovation——A Comparative Study from the Perspective of Institutional Entrepreneurs

基层治理中广泛存在的一个现象是,宏观制度环境相似的治理系统内,同一形式治理创新在不同治理单元中的实施效果却存在较大差异。学界多从“激励结构论”和“个体决定论”视角展开研究。本文从行动者与结构互动视角出发,通过嵌入式案例研究方法,以武汉市“社区教育融入社区治理”创新实践为例,探究基层治理创新内部个体与组织间的互动机制及其对治理创新落地的影响。研究发现,基层治理创新能否“落地”与行动者联盟建构的链条完整程度、行动者与行动要素之间贴合的严密程度密切相关。制度企业家在其中起了重要作用,主要表现在制度企业家作为制度创新中的核心行动者,以利益共享、资源动员、情感动员为基础,向上获取上级政府资源支持,向下积极动员居民参与,形成行动者联盟,从而使得组织逐步摆脱分散疏离的原子化成员结构,强化行动者之间的联系与信任,实现场域内行动者之间的合作。

A widespread phenomenon in grassroots governance is that within a governance system with a similar macro-institutional environment,the same form of governance innovation can be implemented differently in different governance units.Most of the research has been carried out from two perspectives of “incentive structure theory” and “individual determinism”.From the perspective of actor and structure interaction,based on the embedded case study method,taking the innovative practice of “integrating community education into community governance” in Wuhan as an example,this paper explores the interaction mechanism between individuals and organizations within grassroots governance innovation and its impacts on implementation of grassroots governance innovation.The study found that the implementation of grassroots governance innovation depends on the completeness of the chain constructed by the alliance of actors and the tightness of the fit between the actors and the elements of action.Institutional entrepreneurs have played an important role in this process,which is mainly manifested in institutional entrepreneurs as the core actors in institutional innovation to obtain support from street resources upwards,and actively mobilize residents to participate downwards,based on benefit sharing,resource mobilization,and emotional mobilization,thereby gradually getting rid of the scattered and alienated atomized member structure,strengthening the connection and trust between actors,and realizing cooperation between actors in the field.