清代内务府旗人的仕宦生活——以杭州织造书正为个案

Research on the Official Life of Banner People in Imperial Household Department in Qing Dynasty——Case Study on Hangzhou Weaving Shuzheng

内务府旗人是内务府上三旗所属的包衣。他们与皇帝关系特殊,是皇帝的私属,在旗人阶层及官员阶层中具有极为特殊的地位。馆藏清代绿地寸蟒妆花缎匹料,机头织有“杭州织造臣书正”楷书款。通过利用中国第一历史档案馆藏宫中朱批奏折、内务府呈稿、来文等档案资料,考证出书正系内务府镶黄旗人,光绪二十年(1894)八月二十四日书正简放杭州织造,至光绪二十四年(1898)正月十六日差满离任。梳理书正的仕宦经历,勾勒出其大致人生轨迹,既有助于讲好藏品及其背后的故事,也有益于管窥清代内务府旗人的仕宦生活。

Banner people in Imperial Household Department were the servants of the upper three banners. They had a special relationship with emperors,and were the private property of the emperors,so they had a very special position in the class of banner people and officials. On the green Cunmang Zhuanghua satin fabric of Qing Dynasty collected in the museum,there was a regular script inscription of “Hangzhou Weaving Shuzheng”. According to the archives of the First Historical Archives of China,such as memorials to the emperor with red comments,documents and letters from Imperial Household Department,it is found out that Shuzheng was a Xianghuang Banner person in Imperial Household Department. In the 20th year of Guangxu(1894) on August 24,Shuzheng was appointed to work in Hangzhou Weaving,and left his post in the 24th year of Guangxu(1898) on January 16. Through analyzing Shuzheng’s official experience,we can outline his life trajectory,which is not only helpful to interpret the collections and tell their stories,but also conducive to knowledge about official life of banner people in Imperial Household Department in Qing Dynasty.