1+X证书制度的价值意蕴、现实困境与优化对策——基于职业教育“三个面向”的视角

The Value Implication, Realistic Dilemma and Optimization Countermeasures of 1+X Certificate System: Based on the“Three Orientations”Perspective of Vocational Education

“面向市场、面向实践、面向人人”是现代职业教育高质量发展的基本取向。1+X证书制度作为一项体现新时代职业教育类型特征的制度创新,在职业教育实现“三个面向”的过程中,起着增强就业教育功能、强化实践教育特征、助推终身职教体系构建的作用。研究发现,试点3年来,该制度在推进过程中主要面临证书含金量受质疑、教学资源要素支撑不足、与学分银行关联标准缺失等现实困境。为保证1+X证书制度高质量落地实施,在运行过程中,1+X证书制度需要在质量保障机制构建、教学资源要素建设、学分银行关联标准制定等方面有所创新突破。

“Market-oriented, practice-oriented and everyone-oriented”is the basic orientation of highquality development of modern vocational education. As an institutional innovation that reflects the characteristics of vocational education in the new era, 1+X certificate system plays an important role in enhancing the function of employment education, strengthening the characteristics of practical education and promoting the construction of lifelong vocational education system in the process of realizing“three orientations”in vocational education.However, the study found that during the three years of pilot project, the system was mainly faced with practical difficulties, such as doubt of the value of certificates, insufficient support of teaching resources and lack of standards related to credit banks. In order to ensure the high-quality implementation of 1+X certificate system, in the process of operation, the 1+X certificate system needs to make innovations and breakthroughs in the aspects of quality assurance mechanism construction, teaching resource elements construction, and credit bank related standards formulation.