结构化视角下民族传统村落跨文化交流中的适应与认同——基于黔东南2个侗族村落的实证研究

Acculturation and Identity in Cross-cultural Communication of Ethnic Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Structure:An empirical study based on two Dong villages in Southeast Guizhou

通过对黔东南两个典型侗族传统村落的实证考察,基于Bootstrap抽样思想下的探索性因子分析、方差分析和回归分析来探讨结构化视角下村民文化适应对民族认同的影响。结果表明,第一,传统村落村民文化适应的内部结构中除了日常生活行为维度处于一种双文化认同状态外,社会交往交流和族群认同两个维度都有较强的侗文化偏好。在“血缘—地缘—精神”为纽带的共同体中,村民处于一种文化适应的多维状态。第二,侗寨内村民普遍持有较强民族认同,体现在对本民族的探索欲望和承诺意愿上,这就意味着个体具备了本民族文化自觉的前提。第三,当不考虑两个变量结构时,文化适应和民族认同之间并无显著关联,但在结构化视角下除了日常生活行为对民族认同探索有正向影响外,文化适应的其他维度对民族认同都有显著负向影响,也即是当村民文化适应中的本族文化倾向越强时,其民族认同也会更强。由此可见对特定区域、特定群体在跨文化接触中的适应与认同应突破惯常单维标准和静态框架,需从多维、嵌入视角来进行理解。

Based on the empirical investigation of two typical Dong traditional villages in southeast Guizhou province,this paper explores the influence of villagers’acculturation on national identity from a structural perspective based on exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis based on Bootstrap sampling theory.The results show that the internal structure of residents’acculturation is in a state of bicultural identity about the dimension of daily life behavior.secondly,their social communication and ethnic identity have strong cultural preferences,indicating that cultural adaptation is a multidimensional construct.The adaptability and direction of each dimension will differ.Villagers in these two villages generally hold strong ethnic identity,and both the desire for exploration and commitment to their own ethnic are relatively strong.When the structure of the two variables is not considered,there is no correlation between acculturation and ethnic identity.However,when analyzed from a structured perspective,except for daily life behaviors have a positive impact on the exploration of ethnic identity,other dimensions of acculturation are significantly negative.Therefore,the stronger the villagers’cultural adaptation of Dong tendency,the stronger ethnic identity will be.It can be seen that the adaptation and identification of specific regions and groups in cross-cultural contact should be understood from a multi-dimensional and embedded perspective instead of the usual one-dimensional standard and static framework.