老年人自评健康的预测因素、贡献程度及群体差异

Predictive factors,contributions and group difference of self-rated health of older people

自评健康(Self-rated health,SRH)是学术研究中广泛应用的健康测量指标。自评健康指标更偏向于代表哪一方面的状况,不同年龄、性别群体是否存在差异,这都是在分析学术研究成果时需要谨防的偏误。本研究在文献基础上构建出老年健康自评决策过程下的概念框架,利用CLASS数据,通过有序多变量logistic回归分析各影响因素的显著性以及性别、年龄的异质性,然后基于优势分析对比全样本、不同性别、年龄样本中影响因素的贡献度。研究结果显示:无论哪个样本,同龄健康比较与往年健康比较贡献程度最高;随着年龄增长,身体功能因素的贡献度减弱,心理健康因素的贡献度增强。本研究主要梳理出老年人自评健康的概念框架,挖掘出老年人自评健康主要代表老年人哪一方面的状况,对未来老年人自评健康研究有一定的借鉴意义。

Self-rated Health(SRH)was used widely to measure health.Which aspect of health is more represented by SRH indicators and whether there are differences between age and gender groups need to be identified further.This study established a conceptual framework to identify the decision-making process of SRH among older people and used CLASS data to analyze the influencing factors with ordinal logistic regression.Then,the study analyzed the contribution of the influencing factors among the different groups with dominance analysis.The results showed that the highest degree of contribution was health comparison with previous years’health conditions and with peers.The contribution of physical function weakened and the contribution of mental health factors increased with age.This study focuses on sorting out the conceptual framework of elderly self-rated health and digging out which aspect of elderly self-rated health mainly represents the condition of the elderly,which will have some implications for the results of future elderly self-rated health studies.