我国生育保障水平测度及其区域差异研究——基于31省(自治区、直辖市)数据的实证分析

Research on the measurement of maternity security level and regional difference in China:Empirical analysis based on data of 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)

目的:测度我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)2012—2018年生育保障水平及区域差异,为提升我国生育保障水平,促进区域生育保障协调发展提出政策建议。方法:运用文本分析法,对文献及生育保障相关政策文本进行内容提取与分析,构建生育保障水平评估指标;采用多指标面板数据因子分析,对我国31省(自治区、直辖市)生育保障水平进行度量;引入Gini系数、Theil指数及对数离差均值三个区域差异度量系数,从省际和东中西部“二维视角”对我国生育保障水平的区域差异开展实证分析。结果:我国生育保障水平整体偏低,省际差异明显,东中西部区域差异主要表现为区域内差异,而内部差异主要由西部地区内部差异决定。结论:经济发展水平、生育保障政策及资源禀赋差异是影响地区生育保障水平的重要因素。完善生育保障制度应当基于健康中国战略,加强生育保障政策支持,建立动态调整机制,构建区域协调发展治理机制。

Objective:To measure the maternity security level and regional differences of 31 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2012 to 2018,and put forward policy suggestions for improving the maternity security level in China and promoting the coordinated development of regional maternity security.Methods:Firstly,the text analysis method was used to extract and analyze the contents of the literature and the relevant policy texts on maternity insurance,and to construct the evaluation indexes of maternity insurance level.Secondly,multi-indicator panel data factor analysis was used to measure the maternity security level of 31 provinces in China.Finally,the Gini coefficient,Theil index and mean logarithmic deviation are introduced to conduct an empirical analysis on the regional differences of China’s maternity security level from the“two-dimensional perspective”of provincial,eastern,central and western regions.Results:The overall level of maternity security in China is relatively low,and there are obvious inter-provincial differences in fertility security level.The regional differences of maternity security level in the eastern,central and western regions are mainly intra-regional differences,while the internal differences are mainly determined by the internal differences in the western regions.Conclusions:Economic development level,maternity security policy and resource endowment differences are the important factors affecting the level of maternity security in regions.To improve the maternity security system,it should be based on the healthy China strategy,strengthen the policy support of maternity security,establish the dynamic adjustment mechanism of maternity security,and construct the regional coordinated development governance mechanism of maternity security.