北疆无膜浅埋滴灌对玉米产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Shallow-buried Drip Irrigation without Film on Maize Yield and Economic Benefit in Northern Xinjiang

以早熟(KWS2030,P1)、中熟(KWS9384,P2)、晚熟(KWS3564,P3)玉米品种为材料,探讨不同滴灌方式(膜下滴灌,F1;无膜浅埋滴灌,F2)对玉米生长、产量及经济效益的影响,为北疆干旱地区玉米高产高效栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明,F2处理玉米生育期较F1处理延长4~5 d;F2处理玉米株高、穗位高、重心高、穗位系数、重心系数、基部节间茎粗、基部节间长度、基部节间长粗比总体上均高于F1处理;无膜浅埋滴灌对玉米干质量的影响除吐丝期显著外(F2处理低于F1处理),其他生育时期均不显著。F2处理玉米穗粒数较F1处理提高3.1%~7.3%;F2处理穗数较F1处理稍低,但差异不显著;对于P1来说,F2处理千粒质量高于F1处理,P2、P3相反。对于P1来说,F2处理产量低于F1处理;对于P2、P3来说,F2处理产量分别较F1处理提高0.9%、6.0%。对于P1来说,F2处理产值低于F1处理;对于P2、P3来说,F2处理产值分别较F1处理提高0.6%、5.7%。F2处理经济效益较F1处理提高2.8%~13.1%,产投比较F1处理提高12.0%~23.1%。综上,与膜下滴灌技术相比,无膜浅埋滴灌技术在保证玉米能够正常成熟的前提下,总体上可以提高玉米穗粒数和产量,并提高经济效益和产投比,以中晚熟品种表现较好。

The early maturing(KWS2030,P1),medium maturing(KWS9384,P2)and late maturing(KWS3564,P3)maize varieties were used as materials,and the effects of different drip irrigation methods(film covered drip irrigation,F1;shallow-buried drip irrigation without film,F2)on maize growth,yield and economic benefit were studied,so as to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high yield,water saving and high efficiency of maize cultivation and sustainable development of irrigated agriculture in arid areas of northern Xinjiang.The results showed that the growth period of maize of F2treatment was 4—5 days longer than that of F1 treatment.The plant height,ear height,height of gravity center,ear coefficient,gravity center coefficient,basal internode stem diameter,basal internode length and ratio of basal internode length to basal internode diameter of maize of F2 treatment were generally higher than those of F1 treatment.The dry weight of maize was not significantly different between F2treatment and F1 treatment except for silking stage(F2 treatment was lower than F1 treatment).Compared with F1 treatment,grain number per panicle of F2 treatment increased by 3.1%—7.3%;the panicle number of F2 treatment was slightly lower,but the difference was not significant.For P1,the thousand grains weight of F2 treatment was higher than that of F1 treatment,while P2 and P3 were the opposite.For P1,the yield of F2 treatment was lower than that of F1 treatment;for P2 and P3,the yields of F2 treatment increased by 0.9%and 6.0%compared with F1 treatment,respectively.For P1,the output value of F2 treatment was lower than that of F1 treatment;for P2 and P3,the output values of F2treatment increased by 0.6%and 5.7%compared with F1 treatment,respectively.Compared with F1treatment,the economic benefit of F2 treatment increased by 2.8%—13.1%,the ratio of output to input of F2 treatment increased by 12.0%—23.1%.In conclusion,compared with film covered drip irrigation,shallow-buried drip irrigation without film can generally improve grain number per panicle,yield,economic benefit and ratio of output to input of maize based on the premise that maize can mature normally,and middle-late maturing varieties perform better.