深耕分畦栽培对土壤通气性及生姜幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Deep Tillage and Border Dividing Cultivation on Soil Air Permeability and Ginger Seedling Growth

针对长江中上游地区春夏之际持续多雨天气,田间土壤易于积水,导致生姜烂种沤根严重的问题,提出深耕分畦栽培方法,以中耕栽培为对照,研究深耕分畦栽培对土壤物理性质以及姜种萌发、姜苗生长及光合效率的影响。结果表明,深耕分畦姜田0~30 cm土壤的通气性比对照提高316.3%~585.0%,生姜的烂种率较对照减少35.7个百分点,出苗率达到94.4%。生姜幼苗的总根长、根表面积和根尖数均极显著高于对照,分别比对照提高88.5%、96.1%和62.7%。生姜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶片数、鲜质量和干质量5个指标均显著高于对照,分别比对照提高90.9%、80.0%、70.4%、54.5%、52.4%。生姜幼苗叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度及胞间CO_(2)浓度均极显著高于对照,分别比对照提高158.8%、210.9%、558.2%、73.1%。综上,深耕分畦栽培改善了土壤导水通气性,解决了持续多雨引起土壤积水烂种的问题,促进了生姜幼苗根系和植株健康生长。

For the reason that soil is easy to accumulate water resulting in ginger rotten seeds and retting roots in rainy weather during spring and summer in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River,this research proposed a healthy cultivation model of deep tillage and border division and evaluated its effect on soil physical properties,ginger germination,growth and photosynthetic efficiency compared with general cultivation(CK).The results showed that the air permeability of 0—30 cm soil by deep tillage and border division increased by 316.3%to 585.0%compaired with that by CK,the rotten seed rate of ginger was 35.7 percentage points lower than that of CK,and the seedling emergence rate was 94.4%.The total length,surface area and tip number of ginger seedling roots were significantly higher than those of CK,which increased by 88.5%,96.1%and 62.7%compaired with those by CK respectively.The height,stem diameter,leaf number,fresh weight and dry weight of ginger seedlings were significantly higher than those of CK,and increased by 90.9%,80.0%,70.4%,54.5%and 52.4%compaired with those by CK respectively.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2concentration of ginger seedling leaves were significantly higher than those by CK,and increased by 158.8%,210.9%,558.2%and 73.1%compaired with those by CK respectively.Therefore,cultivation by deep tillage and border division improved soil air permeability and water conductivity,avoided soil ponding and seed rot caused by rainy weather,and promoted the robust growth of ginger seedling and its roots.