基于STUR收获机组适宜作业单元地块长度和面积耦合关系研究

Research on STUR based coupling relationship between suitable plot length and area for harvesters

由于农业机组技术参数与作业单元地块条件间无定量匹配关系,依据经验选择不同地块条件所用农业机组存在地块适应性差、农机动力浪费、作业效率低、成本高等问题。在界定农业机组作业季节时间利用率(STUR)概念基础上,建立直观表达收获机组STUR随作业单元地块条件定量变化关系的数学模型;结合试验数据,采用SPSS 24.0进行两次曲线拟合,得到大、中、小型3种常用收获机组STUR随作业单元地块面积呈对数函数关系变化,目标STUR条件下3种收获机组适宜作业单元地块长度与面积呈幂函数定量耦合关系。研究证实较大功率收获机组适宜作业单元地块长度和面积亦较大,当STUR为0.8、作业单元地块长度为1 000 m时,雷沃谷神GF40、约翰迪尔C110和凯斯6130三种收获机组适宜作业单元地块面积分别为2.8、2.95和3.2 hm2。研究确定基于目标STUR收获机组选型原则,完善农业机组运用和农业机器选型理论,为农业机械化向质量效益型发展提供理论和技术支撑。

Since there is no quantitative matching relationship between the technical parameters of agricultural machinery units and plot conditions, the agricultural machinery units used in different plot conditions selected based on experience have poor land adaptability and cause problems such as waste of agricultural machinery power and lower operating efficiency and higher cost. Based on putting forward the concept of season time utilization rate(STUR), the calculating model was established,which can more intuitively express the relationship between STUR of harvesters and plot conditions.Combined with tested data, the software SPSS 24.0 was used to perform two regression curves, the one is logarithmic function for STUR of three commonly used combine harvesters varying with the plot area. Another is the power function quantitative coupling relationships for suitable plot area varying with plot length for selected combine harvesters at the purpose STUR. The study confirmed that larger plot length and area are suitable to larger power combine harvesters. The suitable plot area of Lovol GF40, John Deere C110 and CASE 6130 were 2.8, 2.95 and 3.2 hm2, respectively when purpose STUR was 0.8 and the plot length was 1 000 m. The point about the curve represented that the STUR of the combine harvester could reach and exceed the aimed STUR, which was the suitable plot length and area for the harvester. The research results determined the selection principle of combine harvesters based on purpose STUR and plot conditions. It enriches and perfects theories of applying and selecting agricultural machinery units, and provides theoretical and technical support for the quality and efficiency development of agricultural mechanization.