规划新区与政教分离的构想:“黑错设治”筹议研究(1943—1945)

Planning of New District and Separation of Religion from Politics:the Arrangement of Heicuo County (1943-1945)

南京国民政府时期的黑错是甘肃省夏河县属一个乡。抗日战争时期,甘肃省政府筹议从夏河、临潭、卓尼三县局中析置黑错“新治”,并先后三次派员前往甘南进行实地查勘,规划出了成型的新政区。它从有着纷繁复杂的政教权力系统、多元民族宗教文化和此疆彼界犬牙交错的地域中析出,既有“众建分势”的用意,也暗寓推进新政区政教分离及其新变化的构想,流露出了边疆治理策略的现代转向。官员们精心规划和推进政区调整的想法,却遭到了本地不同身份人士的一致反对。本地人借助多种策略表达自己的呼声,加之抗战时期财政窘蹙和官员们深恐地方变乱等,“黑错设治”最终流产,官员们的精心规划和构想化为泡影,这表明边疆地区的政区调整需要充分考虑地方文化因素。

Heicuo was a township under Xiahe County of Gansu Province during the period of Nationalist Government.During the Anti-Japanese War,the Gansu Provincial Government proposed to set up a new administration division out of the territory of Xiahe,Lintan and Zhuoni counties and sent staff to Gannan(southern Gansu,甘南)three times successively to do field survey for the new administration region.The area,however,has a complex political and religious systems,diverse ethnic and religious cultures and indented administrative boundaries.The idea was not only about dividing the old and establishing a new administrative area,but also promoting the separation of the religion from politics in the new county,signifying the modern turn of the frontier governance strategy.However,the officials idea of planning and pushing forward the adjustment of administrative districts had been met with unanimous opposition from the natives,who expressed their voices through various strategies.Coupled with the fiscal difficulties during the Anti-Japanese War and the officials fear of local turmoil,the administrative setup of Heicuo was eventually aborted.This case indicates that the alteration of administrative divisions in the borderland needs to take local cultural factors into full consideration.