江汉平原小麦生产现状及分析--以湖北省天门市为例

Current Situation and Analysis of Wheat Production in Jianghan Plain--A Case Study of Tianmen,Hubei Province

江汉平原小麦常年种植面积约40万hm^(2),是湖北小麦主产区。为了解江汉平原小麦生产现状及存在的问题,于2017-2019年采用入户调查问卷的方式,对以湖北省天门市为代表的172个农户小麦种植情况进行调查,包括小麦生产情况、肥料施用、病虫害防治、农机投入及生产效益,分析影响江汉平原小麦生产的主要制约因素。结果表明,江汉平原小麦平均产量为4762kg/hm^(2),小麦种植成本为5776元/hm^(2),其中机械作业费>肥料费用>种子费用>人工费用>农药费用,年均生产效益为3215元/hm^(2);与稻茬小麦相比,旱茬小麦单产高、种植成本低、生产效益高;不同年际间小麦生产由于气候条件及播种质量的影响差异明显,2018-2019年度小麦产量及生产效益显著高于2016-2017和2017-2018年度。提高江汉平原小麦产量和生产效益,可从农机农艺配套技术、化肥农药减施增效技术和抗灾应变技术以及优化小麦品种布局等方面开展。

Jianghan Plain is the main wheat-growing area in Hubei province,with an annual wheat-growing area about 4.0×105ha.To understand the current situation and problems of wheat production in Jianghan Plain,172 farmers in Tianmen city,Hubei province were surveyed from 2017 to 2019 by household questionnaire production efficiency,the main limiting factors affecting wheat production in the Jianghan Plain were analyzed.The results showed that the average wheat yield in the Jianghan Plain was 4762kg/ha,the planting cost was 5776 yuan/ha,the cost of mechanical processing>fertilizer>seed>labor>pesticide,and the annual production benefit was 3215 yuan/ha.Compared with wheat following rice,drought wheat had higher yield,lower planting cost and higher production efficiency.Wheat yield and production efficiency were significantly higher in 2018-2019 than in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 due to significant differences in climate conditions and sowing quality.In order to improve wheat yield and production efficiency in the Jianghan Plain,research and application of agricultural machinery and agronomy matching technologies,fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency improvement technologies,and disaster-resistant technologies,as well as the optimal arrangement of wheat varieties should be carried out.