农业废弃物与化肥减量配施对连作晚稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Application of Agricultural Waste Materials and Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Quality of Double Cropping Late Rice and Soil Fertility

为探究农业废弃物的氮肥替代能力及后效肥力,于早稻季进行4种等氮处理,即单施化肥(CK)、稻草+化肥(SF)、水葫芦+化肥(HF)和西兰花茎叶+化肥(BF),以不施氮肥作对照(CK0);晚稻季仅在SF、HF和BF处理小区内进行稻草还田。早稻以台早733、晚稻以中浙优8号和甬优1540为材料,考察不同处理对水稻产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,农业废弃物与化肥减量配施可提高氮肥利用率和水稻产量,SF、HF和BF处理的晚稻产量分别较CK处理提高5.3%、7.2%和7.6%,其周年产量分别提高-1.7%、3.5%和8.1%;并可改善晚稻的稻米加工品质、外观品质和食味品质,主要提高其糙米率、精米率和整精米率,降低垩白粒率、垩白度(中浙优8号)和蛋白质含量;提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量,降低土壤容重,并缓解土壤酸化。综上,农业废弃物与化肥减量配施利于水稻高产稳产、改善稻米品质和提升土壤肥力,其中以BF处理效果最佳。

To explore the nitrogen substitution ability and aftereffect fertility of agricultural waste materials,four equal nitrogen fertilization treatments were set in the early rice season:chemical fertilizer(CK),rice straw+chemical fertilizer(SF),water hyacinth+chemical fertilizer(HF)and broccoli stem and leaf+chemical fertilizer(BF).No nitrogen fertilizer control(CK0)was set up.In the late rice season,straw was returned to the field only in the SF,HF and BF treatments.Taizao 733 was used as early rice,Zhongzheyou 8 and Yongyou 1540 were used as late rice.The effects of different treatments on grain yield,quality and soil fertility were evaluated.The results showed that the combined application of agricultural waste materials and chemical fertilizer could improve the nitrogen use efficiency and increase grain yield.Compared with CK,the yield of late rice in SF,HF and BF treatments increased by 5.3%,7.2%and 7.6%,respectively,and the annual yield increased by-1.7%,3.5%and 8.1%,respectively.The combined application of agricultural waste materials and chemical fertilizer could improve the quality of milling,appearance,and taste,mainly by increasing brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and head rice rate,and reducing chalky grain rate,chalkiness(only Zhongzheyou 8)and protein content.The treatments of SF,HF and BF increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,reduced soil bulk density and alleviated soil acidification.In summary,the combination of agricultural waste materials and chemical fertilizer was beneficial to high and stable grain yield of rice,and could improve rice quality and soil fertility.Among them,BF treatment was the best.