小麦模型算法集成平台构建与算法比较

Establishment of Wheat Model Algorithms Integration Platform and Algorithm Comparison

为方便小麦模型算法比较与多算法集成模拟,本研究参考国内外主流作物模型CERESWheat、APSIMWheat、WheatSM、WOFOST、SWAT等的主要算法,集成了发育期、生物量、产量形成等模块的多种算法,构建了小麦模型算法集成平台(Wheat model algorithm integration platform,WMAIP)。发育期模块集成了小麦钟模型和热时两种算法;生物量模块集成了群体光合作用、光能利用效率和二氧化碳同化率3种算法;产量形成模块集成了籽粒灌浆、生物量转移和收获指数3种算法。基于模型平台组成了6个具有代表性的模拟模型。利用河北省吴桥县2017—2019年两年播期试验的田间观测数据结合2011—2014年3年播期耦合水分文献资料对模型进行参数校准与验证,并对特定模块的不同算法进行比较。结果表明,各模型的模拟结果与实测值均吻合良好,模拟误差在合理范围之内,其中发育期、地上部生物量、产量和土壤贮水量模拟值和实测值的归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)分别在0.56%~4.00%、16.13%~18.72%、12.48%~18.95%和10.78%~11.63%之间,模型集合的模拟效果优于单一模型。通过算法比较发现,发育期模块中热时法模拟播种至拔节阶段较优,小麦钟模型模拟播种至开花阶段和播种至成熟阶段较优;生物量模块中3种算法均为模拟小麦生物量的较佳模型,但在高辐射条件下,群体光合作用法模拟的生物量较高;产量模块中3种算法模拟的产量变化趋势较为一致,但生物量转移法效果略好。该平台集成了特定模块的多种算法,能较好地模拟土壤贮水量和冬小麦的生物学指标,在小麦模型算法比较与改进、集成模拟及气候变化影响评估方面具有较大的应用潜力。

In order to facilitate the comparison of wheat model algorithms and multi-algorithm integrated simulation,a wheat model algorithm integration platform(WMAIP)was established by referring to the main module algorithms of domestic and foreign mainstream crop models(CERESWheat,APSIMWheat,WheatSM,WOFOST,SWAT,etc.).The method for simulation phenology integrated two algorithms with“wheat clock”model method and thermal time method based on WheatSM and APSIMWheat phenology module,respectively.The method for simulation biomass integrated three algorithms with carbon assimilation(CA),canopy photosynthesis(CP)and radiation use efficiency(RUE)based on WOFOST,APSIMWheat and WheatSM biomass modules,respectively.The method for simulation yield formation integrated three algorithms with harvest index(HI),grain filling(GF)and biomass remobilization(BR)based on SWAT,APSIMWheat and WheatSM grain yield modules,respectively.Six representative simulation models were constructed based on the model platform.The parameters of model were calibrated and verified by using field observation data of sowing date experiment from 2017 to 2019 in Wuqiao,Hebei Province and literature data of sowing date coupling irrigation experiment from 2011 to 2014.Finally,different algorithms for specific modules were compared.The results showed that simulated values of different algorithms in each module could be used to represent measured values with a reasonable error range.Therefore,the NRMSE values of phenology,above ground biomass,yield and soil water storage were ranged from 0.56%to 4.00%,from 16.13%to 18.72%,from 12.48%to 18.95%and from 10.78%to 11.63%,respectively.The effect simulated by multi-model platform was better than that of the single model.In the phenology module,the simulation of duration from sowing to jointing by thermal time method was better,while the simulation of durations from sowing to anthesis and from sowing to maturity were poorer than that by“wheat clock”model method.In the biomass module,the three algorithms were the best models to predict the biomass of wheat,but the simulated biomass of CP method was higher under high radiation conditions.In the yield formation module,the variation trend of yield simulated by the three algorithms was consistent,but the simulation results by BR method was rather better than that by others.In general,the WMAIP platform integrated multiple algorithms for specific modules to simulate soil water storage and biological indicators of winter wheat well.The application potential of this platform was great in comparison and improvement of wheat model algorithms,integrated simulation and assessment of climate change impacts.