基于区块链的农产品质量安全可信溯源系统研究

Development of Reliable Traceability System for Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Based on Blockchain

为解决现有农产品质量溯源系统存在的数据中心化存储、数据易篡改和数据信任等问题,以及保障农产品质量安全、维护消费者权益和提高生产企业品牌竞争力,在分析农产品产业链业务流程和区块链关键技术的基础上,设计了农产品可信溯源区块结构,确保农产品溯源数据不可伪造和安全可信;提出了“On-Chain+Off-Chain”农产品质量安全溯源信息协同管理存储策略,解决农产品溯源区块链网络中各节点数据存储压力大、查询效率低和数据爆炸等问题;采用Kafka共识机制实现多主体参与的共识操作,提供实时数据高吞吐量和低延时的处理能力;制定了农产品溯源智能合约规则集和合约触发条件,确保农产品数据的可靠性和溯源平台的公信力;基于Hyperledger Fabric区块链平台研制了农产品质量安全可信溯源系统,并对红茶产品质量安全溯源进行验证分析。结果表明,本文研制的农产品质量安全可信溯源系统,解决了农产品产业链生产、加工和流通多节点之间数据安全和溯源信息真实可信等问题,取得了较好的应用效果。

Aiming to solve the problems of centralized data storage,easy data tampering,and data trust in the existing agricultural product quality traceability system,as well as to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products,protect the rights and interests of consumers and improve the brand competitiveness of production enterprises.Based on the analysis of the agricultural product industry chain business process and the key technologies of the blockchain,the trusted traceability block structure of agricultural products was designed to ensure that the traceability data of agricultural products were unforgeable,safe and reliable;the“On-Chain+Off-Chain”agricultural product was proposed.The collaborative management and storage strategy of quality and safe traceability information solved the problems of high data storage pressure,low query efficiency and data explosion of each node in the agricultural product traceability blockchain network.Kafka consensus mechanism was used to achieve consensus operations with multi-agent participation and provide real time data with high throughput,high-volume and low-latency processing capabilities;and agricultural product traceability smart contract rule sets and contract trigger conditions were developed to ensure the reliability of agricultural product data and the credibility of the traceability platform.A trusted traceability system was developed for agricultural product quality and safety based on the Hyperledger Fabric blockchain platform,and the verification and analysis were conducted on the traceability of the quality and safety of black tea products.The results showed that the developed agricultural product quality and safety credible traceability system can solve the problems of data security and authenticity of traceability information among multiple nodes in the production,processing and circulation of the agricultural product industry chain,which achieved good application results.