氮肥用量对不同氮高效玉米品种产量和磷素吸收利用的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount on Yield and Phosphorus Absorption in Different Nitrogen-efficient Maize Varieties

为明确氮肥用量对不同氮高效玉米品种产量和磷素吸收利用的影响,以低氮高效型玉米品种京农科728和高氮高效型玉米品种先玉335为试验材料,设置6个施氮水平(0,120,180,240,300,360 kg/hm^(2)),进行了氮肥试验。结果表明,京农科728在240 kg/hm^(2) N处理下产量最高,为13682.48 kg/hm^(2);先玉335在360 kg/hm^(2) N处理下的产量最高,为13119.28 kg/hm^(2)。拔节期~开花期京农科728植株干物质积累量在120~180 kg/hm^(2) N处理下较高;开花期~完熟期京农科728植株干物质积累量在300 kg/hm^(2)处理下较高;除拔节期外在整个生育时期先玉335植株干物质积累量在300~360 kg/hm^(2) N处理下较高。京农科728和先玉335的磷肥生产效率均在360 kg/hm^(2) N处理下达到最大值。在冀东平原春玉米生产区域,低氮高效型品种京农科728实现高产和氮高效的推荐施氮量范围为180~240 kg/hm^(2),而高氮高效型品种先玉335实现高产的推荐施氮量范围为300~360 kg/hm^(2)。与高氮高效型品种先玉335相比,低氮高效型品种京农科728在各个N处理下均可以获得较高的磷素利用效率。

The low-nitrogen and high-efficiency varieties Jingnongke 728 and the high-nitrogen-efficient variety Xianyu 335 were used as experimental materials to clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates on the yield and phosphorus absorption and utilization of different nitrogen-efficient maize varieties,and 6 nitrogen application levels were set to 0,120,180,240,300,360 kg/hm^(2) in the nitrogen fertilizer experiment.The results showed that Jingnongke 728 had the highest yield under the 240 kg/hm^(2) treatment,which was 13682.48 kg/hm^(2);the Xianyu 335 had the highest yield under the 360 kg/hm^(2) treatment,which was 13119.28 kg/hm^(2).During the jointing stage to the flowering stage,the dry matter accumulation of Jingnongke 728 plants was higher under the treatment of 120~180 kg/hm^(2);from the flowering stage to the maturity stage,the dry matter accumulation of Jingnongke 728 plants was at 300 kg/hm^(2).Except for the jointing stage,the dry matter accumulation of Xianyu 335 was higher during the whole growth period under the treatment of 300~360 kg/hm^(2).The phosphate fertilizer production efficiency of Jingnongke 728 and Xianyu 335 reached the maximum under the treatment of 360 kg/hm^(2).In the spring maize production area of East Hebei Plain,the recommended nitrogen application range for low-nitrogen and high-efficiency Jingnongke 728 to achieve high yield and nitrogen efficiency was 180~240 kg/hm^(2),while high-nitrogen and high-efficiency Xianyu335 was 300~360 kg/hm^(2).Compared with the high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety Xianyu 335,the low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety Jingnongke 728 can obtain higher phosphorus utilization efficiency under various nitrogen treatments.