新型冠状病毒检测技术的研究进展

Research progress of detection technology for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的出现导致了新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的大流行,快速而准确的实验室诊断对预防COVID-19的传播具有重要的作用。在获得完整的病毒基因组序列的基础上,中国开发了基于聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术的检测手段。此外,大多数患者可被检测到针对SARS-CoV-2的免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白M和免疫球蛋白A的特异性抗体,为血清学检测技术的研发奠定了理论基础。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术是目前SARS-CoV-2的主要检测手段,具有特异性高、检测结果可靠等优势,但对设备和操作者有着较高的要求。本研究对目前SARS-CoV-2检测方法的研究进展进行综述,以期为临床医生及科研工作者提供参考。

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)led to the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and rapid and accurate laboratory diagnosis played an important role in preventing the epidemic spreading of COVID-19.On the basis of obtaining the complete virus genome sequence,China developed a detection method based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR).In addition,specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 such as immunoglobulin G,immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin A could be detected in most patients,which lay a theoretical foundation for the research and development of serological detection technology.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)is the main detection method for SARS-CoV-2,which has the advantages of high specificity and reliable detection results,but it has high requirements for equipment and operators.This study reviewed the research progress of SARS-CoV-2 detection methods in order to provide reference for clinicians and researchers.