清代山东盐运使的人事嬗递研究--以文官迁转为中心

On Personnel Evolution of Shandong Salt Commissioner in the Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Civil Officials Promotion

清代山东盐运使的人事嬗递是探讨文官迁转的一个局部样本。对山东盐运使群体的仕途履历考察得知,自入仕到迁转至山东盐运使,功名等第、初仕官职在迁转速度及迁转路径上施加作用,而家世门第和上官器重则在仕途中发挥着不易觉察但确至关重要的影响。山东盐运使群体有着较佳的升迁前景,在清代君主用人乾纲独断的背景下,决定他们迁擢至更高文官层级的主要因素并不在于任期的长短和治绩的卓劣,而在于要给君主留下诸如年富力强、可堪造就等总体印象。

This paper takes the personnel evolution of Shandong salt commissioner in the Qing Dynasty as a sample to explore the selection and promotion of civil officials.Investigation of the resumes of the commissioner group reflects that,from the beginning of their official career to promotion to the position of Shandong salt commissioner,the rank of merit and the first official position impacted the speed of their promotion,while their family backgrounds,and superior officials’appreciation played an imperceptible but crucial role in it.The salt commissioner group in Shandong had a better prospect for promotion when the monarch of the Qing Dynasty alone had the power to appoint and remove officials.The main factor for their promotion was not the length of their term or the quality of their performance,but the impression given to the monarch that they were young and promising to be competent for more important positions.