纺织印染行业锑排放特征与治理技术

Characteristics and control technologies of antimony discharge in textile printing and dyeing industry

锑污染是近年来纺织印染行业污染防治面临的新挑战,其排放特征及针对性的处理技术亟待整理与总结。文中系统论述了锑污染物在涤纶纺织印染生产中的析出途径、排放浓度及重要影响因素。同时,从处理技术原理、应用以及特点等方面梳理含锑废水的处理工艺。得出涤纶前处理工段中的碱减量和精练工艺以及高温高压染色过程中锑析出量最大,涤纶纤维在强碱性下的水解以及高温高压条件下分子链的剧烈运动是锑析出的主要原因。铁盐为主的混凝沉淀技术实际应用最为广泛,但受锑污染物价态及废水pH约束较大,物化泥减量技术也需进一步突破。因此,亟待开发具备高选择性的锑处理技术,提升纺织印染行业绿色环保的清洁生产方式。

Antimony pollution is a new challenge facing the pollution control in the textile printing and dyeing industry in recent years.Its emission characteristics and targeted treatment technologies need to be summarized.In this paper,the antimony pollutant emission pathways,discharge concentrations,and important influencing factors in polyester textile printing and dyeing produc-tion were systematically discussed.Meanwhile,the treatment process of antimony containing wastewater was induced from the aspects of treatment technology principle,application and characteristics.It could be found that the antimony pollution was mainly produced from the alkali deweighting process,refining processes,and the high-temperature and high-pressure dyeing process.The hydrolysis of polyester fiber under strong alkali and the violent movement of molecular chain under high temperature and high pressure are the main reasons for antimony precipitation.The iron salt-based coagulation and precipitation technology was the most widely used in practice,but it was constrained by the valence of antimony contaminants and pH of wastewater.The sludge reduction also needs further breakthrough.Therefore,it is urgent to develop antimony treatment technology with high selectivity and improve the green and environment-friendly cleaner production mode of textile printing and dyeing industry.