云水资源利用对北三河流域农田灌溉需水影响分析

Impact analysis of cloud water resources utilization on irrigation water demand in North Three Rivers Basin

为探究不同降水频率、不同增雨情景下的农田灌溉用水差异,采用Penman-Monteith公式构建农田灌溉需水预测模型,研究北三河流域11个计算分区在95%、75%、50%等3种降水频率,及未增雨、增雨5%、增雨10%、增雨15%等4种情景下的灌溉需水变化。研究结果表明:北三河流域云水资源丰富且降水效率不高,故存在巨大的开发潜力;4—9月作物需水量较大;作物种植结构与种植面积影响农田灌溉需水量;北三河流域农田灌溉需水量夏季最多,春秋次之,冬季最少。云水资源与农田灌溉结合应用,同时优化作物种植结构,效益可观;枯水年、特枯水年夏季适宜对北三河全流域增雨,春秋两季适宜对河北潮白河山区、河北蓟运河山区、唐山平原区、天津平原区等局部地区增雨。云水资源的利用为灌溉用水提供了新的来源渠道,同时也为水资源的优化配置提供了新思路。

Based on Penman-Monteith formula,a prediction model of irrigation water demand was established to study the variation of irrigation water demand in 11 calculated regions of the North Three Rivers Basin under three inflow frequencies of 95%,75%and 50%,and four scenarios of no rainfall increased,5%rainfall increased,10%rainfall increased and 15%rainfall increased,which is to explore the difference of irrigation water under different inflow conditions and rainfall conditions.The results show that the cloud water resources of the North Three Rivers Basin are rich and the precipitation efficiency is not high,which has great development potential.Crops need a lot of water from May to September.The planting structure and planting area of crops affect irrigation water demand.The irrigation water requirement of the North Three Rivers Basin is the highest in summer,followed by spring and autumn,and the lowest in winter.After analysis,we obtained that the combination of cloud water resources and farmland irrigation and optimizing crops planting structure can bring considerable benefits.During the dry year and extra dry year,summer is suitable for increasing rainfall in the whole basin of the North Three Rivers.Spring and autumn are suitable for increasing rainfall in Chaobaihe mountain area,Jiyunhe mountain area,Tangshan plain area,and Tianjin plain area,etc.The utilization of cloud water resources provides a new source of irrigation water and a new idea for the optimal allocation of water resources.