燃料型炼油厂生产过程生命周期评价研究

Study on life cycle assessment of fuel refinery production process

石油炼制过程存在高盐废水排放、挥发性有机物(VOCs)生成等诸多环境问题,识别和量化该过程的环境影响是必要的。使用生命周期评价方法,对燃料型炼油厂生产的全过程进行环境影响分析,分别考虑了中点、终点环境影响类型。其系统边界包括9套主要装置和4套辅助装置。结果表明:燃料型炼油厂生产过程最大的终点环境影响类型是生态系统质量,主要由气候变化贡献,主要源于CO_(2)的现场排放;催化裂化装置的环境影响最大,但从单位加工量考虑,加氢装置的环境影响不容忽视;燃料型炼油厂降低环境影响应该从控制CO_(2)、VOCs的现场排放,提高能源利用效率以及选择来源更环保的辅剂等方面考虑。

The petroleum refining process has many environmental problems such as high-salt wastewater discharge and VOCs volatilization.It is necessary to identify and quantify the environmental impact of this process.The life cycle assessment method was used to analyze the environmental impact of the whole process of fuel refinery production.Environmental impact types at midpoint and endpoint level were considered respectively.The system boundary consisted of 9 sets of main devices and 4 sets of auxiliary devices.The results showed that the largest endpoint environmental impact type was ecosystem quality,which was mainly contributed by climate change,and mainly came from on-site emissions of CO_(2).Catalytic cracking device had the largest environmental impact.However,considering the unit processing volume,the environmental impact of hydrogenation devices could not be ignored.The reduction of environmental impact of fuel refineries should be considered in terms of controlling on-site emissions of CO_(2) and VOCs,improving energy efficiency and choosing more environmentally friendly adjuvants.