炼油装置硫化亚铁垢化学清洗技术进展

Progress on chemical cleaning of iron sulfide scale in refinery plants

炼油装置硫化亚铁垢易发生自燃从而导致火灾爆炸等安全事故,化学清洗技术作为控制自燃的一种有效手段在近些年发展迅速。介绍了钝化型、螯合型及混合型清洗剂的研究及应用进展,对比分析了液相清洗工艺与气相清洗工艺技术特点;简述了清洗过程控制、清洗效果评价与清洗废液处理等问题。结果表明,新型的清洗剂正向反应过程温和、溶垢力强、腐蚀率低、易生物降解方向发展;气相清洗工艺因清洗时间短、废水产量少等优势在很多场合可替代传统液相清洗工艺;未来应从清洗机理出发控制清洗过程,研究量化评价清洗效果的方法,并配套开发清洗废液的处理方法。

Iron sulfide scale in refinery plant tends to spontaneous combustion,leading to the fire and blast and other safety accidents.As one of the means to control the spontaneous combustion,chemical cleaning has seen rapid growth in recent years.The research and application progress of passivated,chelated and the mixed agents were introduced.The characteristics of liquid-phase cleaning technology and gas-phase cleaning technology were put into comparative analysis.The cleaning process control,cleaning effect evaluation and cleaning waste water handling were also briefly commented.Analysis showed that the novel cleaning agents were moving towards the mild reaction process,high solubility,low corrosion rate and biodegradation.The gas-phase cleaning technology could replace the liquid-phase cleaning technology in many occasions because of the advantage of the shorter cleaning time,less waste water amount and so on.The relevant researchers should control the cleaning process from the cleaning mechanism,research on quantitative cleaning effect evaluation method,and develop the cleaning waste water handling method synchronously.