从“经验”到“职业”:职业启蒙教育课程开发路径设计

From Experience to Vocation:Path Design to Curriculum Development for Vocational Enlightenment Education

职业启蒙教育是培养中小学生综合素质、进行生涯指导和实施劳动教育的重要途径。职业院校开展职业启蒙教育具有天然优势也已取得一定成效,但课程开发是短板,存在课程宽度不一,课程体系不健全,课程目标窄化和表述的泛化,课程实施重讲授轻实践、重预设轻生成,缺少诊断性评价和追踪评价等问题。应充分认识到职业启蒙教育不能仅仅满足于作为综合实践活动课程的一种活动方式;要遵从“职业”的逻辑和规律,根据职业分类大典中的“职业细类”统一课程宽度;课程目标紧扣“职业”要素的内容要求和“启蒙”的程度要求;课程内容的选择和组织以代表性职业活动串联职业要素,课程评价围绕职业成熟度加强诊断性、过程性评价,尝试开展追踪评价,如此,方可推动课程开发从“经验式”向“职业化”迈进。

Vocational enlightenment education is an important way to cultivate comprehensive literacy,provide career guidance and implement labor education in primary and secondary schools.Vocational colleges have more advantages in carrying out vocational enlightenment education and have achieved certain results.However,curriculum development is a shortboard of vocational enlightenment education.There are some problems,such as different curriculum widths,imperfect curriculum system,narrow curriculum objectives and generalization of expression,equal emphasis on teaching over practice and presupposition over a generation in the curriculum implementation,and lack of diagnostic evaluation and follow-up evaluation.It should be fully recognized that vocational enlightenment education can not only be satisfied with being an activity mode as a comprehensive practical activity course but also has its logic and law of"occupation"to follow.The width of the vocational enlightenment education curriculum should be based on’the occupation sub-categories’in the occupational classification dictionary;The curriculum objectives should be closely related to the content requirements of an"occupation"element and the degree requirements of"enlightenment";The selection and organization of the curriculum content should be based on representative occupation activities;The curriculum evaluation should focus on professional maturity to strengthen diagnostic and process evaluation,and try to carry out follow-up evaluation.In this way,curriculum development can be promoted from"experiential"to"vocational".