香港地区职业教育分散化治理的演进、特征及启示

The Evolution, Characteristics, and Implications of Decentralized Governance of Vocational Education in Hong Kong

开展职业教育治理,意味着政府需要分散自身的职业教育管理权,政府怎样分散管理权、将管理权分散给谁都是亟需研究的问题。20世纪60年代以来,香港地区职业教育历经“治理酝酿兴起阶段”和“分散化治理形成完善阶段”,逐渐形成了特征鲜明的分散化治理模式——以满足客户需求为中心的善治理念,分散且合作的扁平化治理结构,“有限政府”下市场主导政府统筹引导、代理机构为中介开展多元共治、并对代理机构有效激励和监督的运行机制,有效保障了香港地区职业教育系统的顺利运行。借鉴香港地区职业教育分散化治理的实践经验,内地职业教育可以通过明确多元共治理念、调和利益分化,重塑治理结构、以代理机构为中介平衡解制和管制,处理好政府与市场的关系,激发市场活力,促进职业教育的改革发展。

To carry out vocational education governance means that the government needs to decentralize its vocational education management power, and how and to whom the government decentralizes the management power is an urgent issue to be studied. Since the 1960s, vocational education in Hong Kong has gone through the "stage of the emergence of governance" and the "stage of decentralized governance", and gradually formed a decentralized governance model with distinctive features. In other words, the concept of good governance centered on satisfying customers’ needs, the decentralized and cooperative flat governance structure, the market-led and government-led operation mechanism under "limited government", the agency as an intermediary to carry out multi-governance, and the effective incentive and supervision for the agency, have effectively ensured the smooth operation of the vocational education system in Hong Kong. Drawing on the practical experience of decentralized governance of vocational education in Hong Kong, vocational education in the Mainland can reconcile the division of interests by clarifying the concept of pluralistic shared governance;reshaping the governance structure, and using agencies as intermediaries to balance the decentralization and control;handling the relationship between the government and the market, stimulating market vitality, and promoting the reform and development of vocational education.