基于光学影像数据的南极冰川监测研究进展

Research Progress of Antarctic Glacier Monitoring Based on Optical Images

近年来随着全球气温的不断上升加速了南极冰盖消融和冰架崩解,越来越多的科研学者将目光聚焦南极大陆。研究发现,南极大陆与南大洋的物质交换速率与南极冰川、冰架的运动有着密切的联系,尤其是冰川作为南极冰冻层最为活跃的部分,其对南极乃至全球气候变化都具有指示器的作用。随着搭载不同传感器的卫星发射上空,通过卫星影像进行南极大范围冰川监测成为可能。尤其是光学卫星,由于其发射时间最早,观测时间最长、覆盖面积最广、积累数据量最多,长期以来一直是南极冰川长时间序列监测的重要数据源。本文系统地梳理了目前基于光学遥感卫星发展历程、基于光学影像进行冰川监测的研究进展、国内外已经形成的成熟监测理论方法和冰流速提取软件,为后续利用光学影像进行长时间序列的冰川监测和冰流速提取研究提供参考。

In recent years, the rising global temperature accelerates the melting of the Antarctic ice sheet and the disintegration of the ice shelf, more and more researchers focus on the Antarctic continent. Researchers have found that the rate of material exchange between the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean is closely related to the ice shelf movement of Antarctic glaciers, especially as the most active part of the Antarctic cryosphere, glaciers play an indicator role in Antarctic and global climate change. With simultaneous interpreting of satellites carrying different sensors, it is possible to monitor the wide range of Antarctic ice sheets through satellite images. Optical satellite, especially, has been an important data source for long time series monitoring of Antarctic glaciers because of its earliest launch time, longest observation time, widest coverage and largest amount of accumulated data. This paper systematically reviews the development history of optical remote sensing satellite, the research progress of glacier monitoring based on optical images, mature monitoring theory and methods and ice velocity extraction software at home and abroad, which can provide reference for the follow-up study of glacier monitoring and ice velocity extraction based on long time series optical images.